Probiotics supplement in children with severe hand, foot, and mouth disease

Zhang, Haibo; Zhang, Lei; Xie, Jiadong; Wen, Wenting; Lu-xia, Wei; Nie, Bo

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000017939

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[260] Acupuncture at the point LI-4 (He Gu) caused a more pronounced temperature reaction on the face than at the point St-36 (Zu San Li). [261] Thus, the change of thermal fields during acupuncture further confirms the specific effect of different acupuncture points.…”

Section: The High Thermal Conductivity Of Channelsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Acupoints, Channels and Organs

Teppone

2023

Preprint

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According to traditional Chinese medicine, Qi and Blood circulate through the human body via pathways known as 'channels and collaterals'. This process supports the normal function of internal organs and the whole body. Pathological conditions can be attributed to abnormal circulation of Qi and Blood, which results in excess or deficiency of organs and channels. Therapeutic methods used in traditional Chinese medicine restore the balance of Qi and Blood.Since acupuncture was introduced in Europe, discussion and debate about the nature of 'acupoints,' 'channels,' and 'collaterals' has continued. Currently, opposing views exist on this subject, ranging from complete denial of the existence of the channels to uncovering the previously unknown system of intra-tissue gaps and microscopic vessels. The author offers an original hypothesis that regards the theory of channels and collaterals as the description of the physiology and pathology of intercellular space and the theory of organs as a description of the physiology and pathology of cells.

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Section: The High Thermal Conductivity Of Channelsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Acupoints, Channels and Organs

Teppone

2023

Preprint

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“…Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious childhood illness predominantly caused by enteroviruses (EVs) ( Solomon et al., 2010 ; Weng et al., 2017 ; Fujimoto, 2018 ; Zhang H. et al., 2019 ). EVs have been divided into 15 species, namely EV-A – L and rhinovirus A – C, comprising more than 100 serotypes [ ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Coxsackievirus A6 Strains Isolated From Children With Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Liu

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) is a key pathogen causing hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). However, there are currently no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines for treating infections caused by CVA6. In this study, human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD), African green monkey kidney (Vero), and human embryonic lung diploid fibroblast (KMB17) cells were used to isolate CVA6 from 327 anal swab and fecal samples obtained during HFMD monitoring between 2009 and 2017. The VP1 genes of the isolates were sequenced and genotyped, and the biological characteristics of the representative CVA6 strains were analyzed. A total of 37 CVA6 strains of the D3 gene subtypes were isolated from RD cells, all of which belonged to the epidemic strains in mainland China. Using the adaptive culture method, 10 KMB17 cell-adapted strains were obtained; however, no Vero cell-adapted strains were acquired. Among the KMB17 cell-adapted strains, only KYN-A1205 caused disease or partial death in suckling mice, and its virulence was stronger than its RD cell-adapted strain. The pathogenic KYN-A1205 strain caused strong tropism to the muscle tissue and led to pathological changes, including muscle necrosis and nuclear fragmentation in the forelimb and hindlimb. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the KYN-A1205 strain exhibited multiple amino acid mutations after KMB17 cell adaptation. Moreover, it showed strong pathogenicity, good immunogenicity and genetic stability, and could be used as an experimental CVA6 vaccine candidate.

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Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Narrative Review

Leung

Lam

Barankin³

et al. 2022

RAIAD

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Background: Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common viral disease in childhood. Because the disease has the potential to reach epidemic levels and the mortality is high in some countries, early recognition of this disease is of paramount importance. Objective: This purpose of this article is to familiarize pediatricians with the clinical manifestations and management of hand, foot, and mouth disease. Methods: A search was conducted in February 2022 in PubMed Clinical Queries using the key term " hand, foot, and mouth disease". The search strategy included all clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews published within the past 10 years. Only papers published in the English literature were included in this review. Results: Hand, foot, and mouth disease is characterized by a painful oral enanthem and asymptomatic exanthem on the palms and soles. Children younger than 5 years are most commonly affected. Hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by enterovirus A71 is more severe and has a higher rate of complications than that attributed to other viruses such as coxsackievirus A16. Circulatory failure secondary to myocardial impairment and neurogenic pulmonary edema secondary to brainstem damage are the main causes of death. Fortunately, the disease is usually benign and resolves in 7 to10 days without sequelae. Given the self-limited nature of most cases, treatment is mainly symptomatic and supportive. Intravenous immunoglobulin should be considered for the treatment of severe/complicated hand, foot, and mouth disease and has been recommended by several national and international guideline committees. Currently, there are no specific antiviral agents approved for the treatment of the disease. Drugs such as ribavirin, suramin, mulberroside C, aminothiazole analogs, and sertraline have emerged as potential candidates for treatment of hand, foot, and mouth disease. Vaccination of susceptible individuals in high-risk areas and good personal hygiene are important preventative measures to combat the disease. Conclusion: Familiarity of the disease including its atypical manifestations is crucial so that a correct diagnosis can be made, and appropriate treatment initiated. A timely diagnosis can help avoid contact with the affected individual and decrease the risk of an outbreak.

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Probiotics supplement in children with severe hand, foot, and mouth disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Acupoints, Channels and Organs

Acupoints, Channels and Organs

Characterization of Coxsackievirus A6 Strains Isolated From Children With Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Narrative Review

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