Probiotics prophylaxis in pyelonephritis infants with normal urinary tracts

Lee, Seung Joo; Cha, Jihae; Lee, Jung Won

doi:10.1007/s12519-016-0013-2

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…23 Probiotic prophylaxis of Lactobacillus species was as effective in infants with pyelonephritis and normal urinary tract as antibiotic prophylaxis with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. 24 Lee and Lee also obtained the same results in infants with primary VUR and recurrent UTI. 25 With regards to the limitations of the study, only children admitted to the present hospital due to UTI were enrolled, hence there was a selection bias.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Apart from antibiotic treatment, vitamin A supplementation was proven to be efficient in decreasing renal scarring secondary to acute pyelonephritis and in relieving symptoms such as fever, urinary frequency and poor feeding duration in girls with acute pyelonephritis . Probiotic prophylaxis of Lactobacillus species was as effective in infants with pyelonephritis and normal urinary tract as antibiotic prophylaxis with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole . Lee and Lee also obtained the same results in infants with primary VUR and recurrent UTI …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Risk factors affecting the prognosis of urinary tract infection in Chinese pediatric patients: Single‐center experience

Wang

Zhu

Huang

et al. 2020

Pediatrics International

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Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in children. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the various risk factors that usually affect the prognosis of UTI in children diagnosed with the disease. Methods In the present retrospective study, we enrolled all pediatric patients diagnosed with UTI and hospitalized between 1 January 2013 and 31 July 2016 at Nanjing Children's Hospital. We then collected all the relevant patient clinical demographics and characteristics. Results The study involved 2,092 pediatric patients diagnosed with UTI. On logistic regression analysis, factors that could affect the prognosis of pediatric UTI were complications, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, type of UTI, urine culture results, blood lymphocytes, urine nitrites (NIT) and antibiotics (unstandardized coefficients, 0.06, <0.001, −0.28, 0.32, <0.001, 0.01, −0.11, 0.01, respectively, all P < 0.001). Conclusion Complications, hospitalization, type of UTI, urine culture results, blood lymphocytes, and antibiotics had a significant, positive association with UTI prognosis. Meanwhile, ICU admission and urine NIT had a negative association with prognosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Risk factors affecting the prognosis of urinary tract infection in Chinese pediatric patients: Single‐center experience

Wang

Zhu

Huang

et al. 2020

Pediatrics International

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“…Probiotics have been used for the prevention of UTI in children and adults [52, 142, 143]. A 2017 Cochrane meta-analysis of 6 randomized and quasi-randomized controlled studies involving 352 children and adults with UTI found no significant reduction in the risk of recurrent UTI between patients treated with probiotics and placebo (risk ratio: 0.82; 95% confidence interval: 0.60 to 1.12) with wide confidence intervals [143].…”

Section: Prophylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Tract Infection in Children

Leung

Wong

Leung

et al. 2019

IAD

165

105

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Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common infection in children. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important to reduce the morbidity associated with this condition. Objective: To provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of urinary tract infection in children. Methods: A PubMed search was completed in clinical queries using the key terms “urinary tract infection”, "pyelonephritis" OR "cystitis". The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to English literature and the pediatric age group. Patents were searched using the key terms “urinary tract infection” "pyelonephritis" OR "cystitis" from www.google.com/patents, http://espacenet.com, and www.freepatentsonline.com. Results: Escherichia coli accounts for 80 to 90% of UTI in children. The symptoms and signs are nonspecific throughout infancy. Unexplained fever is the most common symptom of UTI during the first two years of life. After the second year of life, symptoms and signs of pyelonephritis include fever, chills, rigor, flank pain, and costovertebral angle tenderness. Lower tract symptoms and signs include suprapubic pain, dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, cloudy urine, malodorous urine, and suprapubic tenderness. A urinalysis and urine culture should be performed when UTI is suspected. In the work-up of children with UTI, physicians must judiciously utilize imaging studies to minimize exposure of children to radiation. While waiting for the culture results, prompt antibiotic therapy is indicated for symptomatic UTI based on clinical findings and positive urinalysis to eradicate the infection and improve clinical outcome. The choice of antibiotics should take into consideration local data on antibiotic resistance patterns. Recent patents related to the management of UTI are discussed. Conclusion: Currently, a second or third generation cephalosporin and amoxicillin-clavulanate are drugs of choice in the treatment of acute uncomplicated UTI. Parenteral antibiotic therapy is recommended for infants ≤ 2 months and any child who is toxic-looking, hemodynamically unstable, immunocompromised, unable to tolerate oral medication, or not responding to oral medication. A combination of intravenous ampicillin and intravenous/intramuscular gentamycin or a third-generation cephalosporin can be used in those situations. Routine antimicrobial prophylaxis is rarely justified, but continuous antimicrobial prophylaxis should be considered for children with frequent febrile UTI.

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“…Although not statistically significant, probiotics also resulted in lower UTI rates than the antibiotic group. The resistance rates of E. coli were much lower in the probiotic group than in the other two groups (23). However, there are some rare reports that probiotics may lead to serious infections both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients and the detection of causative agent is difficult as they are usually regarded as contaminants.…”

Section: Trials On the Current Conceptmentioning

confidence: 87%

Probiotics for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Children

Beyitler

Kavukçu

2016

Iran J Pediatr

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Context: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and important problem during childhood that may cause chronic morbidities. Live beneficial microorganisms called probiotics have been investigated for their use in the prophylaxis and treatment of UTIs in children. Evidence Acquisition: We aimed to discuss data about use, mechanisms and effects of probiotics on pediatric UTIs. We searched the literature, including PubMed, Medline and Cochrane databases from January 2001 to May 2016, and limited the search to English language. We used the key words probiotics, urinary tract infection, treatment, prophylaxis and children. Results: Probiotics inhibit uropathogens by competition for receptors and nutrients, direct killing, immune modulation and production of inhibitory metabolites. There are many organisms that have been used as probiotics. Lactobacillus sp., Bifidobacterium sp. and Saccharomyces boulardii are the most commonly used and investigated probiotics. Although there are various benefits of probiotics for the pediatric population, some reports indicate rare complications such as bacteremia, sepsis, endocarditis, meningitis, UTI, abscesses, fungemia, pneumonia and chorioamnionitis. However, these are much less than the benefits of probiotics yet should be kept in mind. Continuing laboratory and clinical studies are encouraging the use of this strategy for the prevention and treatment of UTI in children. Conclusions: Probiotics can be used as a natural and efficient alternative to antibiotics in UTI prophylaxis and treatment in children.

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Probiotics prophylaxis in pyelonephritis infants with normal urinary tracts

Abstract: Probiotic prophylaxis was more effective in infants with pyelonephritis and normal urinary tract than in those with no-prophylaxis. It could be used as a natural alternative to antibiotic prophylaxis.

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Risk factors affecting the prognosis of urinary tract infection in Chinese pediatric patients: Single‐center experience

Risk factors affecting the prognosis of urinary tract infection in Chinese pediatric patients: Single‐center experience

Urinary Tract Infection in Children

Probiotics for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in Children

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