Probiotics: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications

Gogineni, Vijaya; Morrow, Lee E.; Malesker, Mark A.

doi:10.4172/2329-8901.1000101

Cited by 55 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…This figure also outlines possible mechanisms of probiotics action in skin, female urogenital tract, and respiratory tract. It includes modulation of the systemic immune function, competitive exclusion of harmful microorganisms, production of antimicrobial substances and growth substrates, inhibition of bacterial toxin production, among others (Bermudez-Brito et al 2012;Gogineni et al 2013;Markowiak and Śliżewska 2017;Rahmati Roudsari et al 2013).…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Probiotics Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics and prebiotics potential for the care of skin, female urogenital tract, and respiratory tract

et al. 2019

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The prebiotics and probiotics market is constantly growing due to the positive effects of its consumption on human health, which extends beyond the digestive system. In addition, the synbiotic products market is also expanding due to the synergistic effects between pre-and probiotics that provide additional benefits to consumers. Pre-and probiotics are being evaluated for their effectiveness to treat and prevent infectious diseases in other parts of the human body where microbial communities exist. This review examines the scientific data related to the effects of pre-and probiotics on the treatment of diseases occurring in the skin, female urogenital tract, and respiratory tract. The evidence suggests that probiotics consumption can decrease the presence of eczema in children when their mothers have consumed probiotics during pregnancy and lactation. In women, probiotics consumption can effectively prevent recurrent urinary tract infections. The consumption of synbiotic products can reduce respiratory tract infections and their duration and severity. However, the outcomes of the meta-analyses are still limited and not sufficiently conclusive to support the use of probiotics to treat infectious diseases. This is largely a result of the limited number of studies, lack of standardization of the studies, and inconsistencies between the reported results. Therefore, it is advisable that future studies consider these shortcomings and include the evaluation of the combined use of pre-and probiotics.

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Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Probiotics Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics and prebiotics potential for the care of skin, female urogenital tract, and respiratory tract

et al. 2019

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“…It plays an important role in cell-to-cell signaling mechanism, which helps in the regulating traits of enteric microbes, and allows them to colonize as well as infect the host successfully. A study reported that L. acidophillus secretes molecule that inhibits the quorum sensing or interaction with E. coli O 157:H7, as a result bacterial toxicity is restricted [83].…”

Section: Quorum Signallingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Molecular Mechanism of Probiotics in Alcoholic Liver Disease

Patel¹,

Patel²,

Palash³

2017

J Alcohol Drug Depend

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Alcohol consumption and its abuse are significant prevalent cause for liver diseases and death worldwide. Increased bacterial endotoxin in the portal circulation, the plasma ratio of liver enzymes like alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and triglyceride implies the symbiotic relation between the gut and liver plays a key function in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Consumption of alcohol leads to gut dysbiosis and informalities of the intestinal barrier, hyper gut permeability, oxidative stress, inflammation and adversely affect adipose tissue metabolism, and those are mainly recognized as major factors for progression of alcoholic liver disease. Alteration of gut microbiota is referred to as bacterial overgrowth which leads to the release of bacterial products to change in commercial/pathogenic microbiota equilibrium. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived inflammatory signal renders inflammation in alcoholic liver disease. Increase in concentration of lipopolysaccharide leads to activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and alteration in micro RNA (miRNA) expression at the transcription level. Activation of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) pathways eventually produces pro inflammatory cytokine activation that is an important mediator of alcoholic liver disease. However, there is no effectual Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved treatment for any stage of alcoholic liver disease. Thus, the potential therapeutic approach for alcoholic liver disease is restoration and alteration of gut microbiota. With the increasing importance of gut microbiota in the onset and occurrence of a variety of diseases, the potential use of probiotics in ALD is receiving more exploration and clinical attention. Probiotic administration is nontoxic, inexpensive and noninvasive strategy with minimal side effects compared to antibiotic therapy and surgery. Yet, there is no substantial evidence on the efficient molecular mechanism regarding mode of action of probiotics on ALD as therapeutics. This review summarizes the research done on gut liver-axis and potential mechanism of probiotic in alcoholic liver disease.

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“…The health benefits of consuming probiotics are frequently mentioned in the scientific literature [2][3][4][5][6]. One of the most frequently described qualities associated with probiotics is their effectiveness at preventing skin, oral, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract infections (reviewed in [7,8]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and Metabolic Activity of Pediocin Producer Pediococcus acidilactici UL5: Its Impact on Intestinal Microbiota and Listeria monocytogenes in a Model of the Human Terminal Ileum

2015

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Pediococcus acidilactici UL5 is a promising probiotic candidate due to its high survival rate under gastric and duodenal conditions and to its ability to produce the antilisterial bacteriocin pediocin PA-1. Its survival, metabolic activity, and impact on Listeria monocytogenes in a continuous stirred tank reactor containing immobilized human intestinal microbiota were studied over a period of 32 days of feeding a nutrient medium simulating ileal chyme. The impact of P. acidilactici UL5 on different bacterial groups of intestinal origin as well as its survival and its impact on L. monocytogenes were quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction coupling with propidium monoazide (PMA-qPCR), which was shown to detect and quantify viable bacteria only. P. acidilactici UL5 and its non-pediocin-producing mutant had no effect on the microbiota, but the producing strain induced an increase in the production of acetic and propionic acids. P. acidilactici survived but appeared to be a poor competitor with intestinal microbiota, dropping by 1.3 and 2.8 log after 8 h of fermentation to 10 colony-forming units (cfu) mL. A 1.64 log but non-significant reduction of Listeria was observed when P. acidilactici UL5 was added at 10 cfu mL. P. acidilactici UL5 isolated from the reactor after 3 days was still able to produce the active bacteriocin. These data demonstrate that P. acidilactici UL5 is capable of surviving transit through the ileum without losing its ability to produce pediocin PA-1 but seems to not be enough competitive with the great diversity of organisms found in the ileum.

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Probiotics: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications

Cited by 55 publications

References 146 publications

Probiotics and prebiotics potential for the care of skin, female urogenital tract, and respiratory tract

Probiotics and prebiotics potential for the care of skin, female urogenital tract, and respiratory tract

Potential Molecular Mechanism of Probiotics in Alcoholic Liver Disease

Survival and Metabolic Activity of Pediocin Producer Pediococcus acidilactici UL5: Its Impact on Intestinal Microbiota and Listeria monocytogenes in a Model of the Human Terminal Ileum

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