Probiotics Function as Immunomodulators in the Intestine in C57Bl/6 Male Mice Exposed to Inhaled Diesel Exhaust Particles on a High-Fat Diet

Abstract

Epidemiological studies reveal a correlation between air pollution exposure and gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, yet few studies have investigated the role of inhaled particulate matter on intestinal integrity in conjunction with a high-fat (HF) diet. Additionally, there is currently limited information on probiotics in mitigating air-pollutant responses in the intestines. Thus, we investigated the hypothesis that exposure to inhaled diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and a HF diet can alter intestinal integrity and inflammation, which can be attenuated with probiotics. 4–6-w-old male C57Bl/6 mice on a HF diet (45% kcal fat) were randomly assigned to be exposed via oropharyngeal aspiration to 35 µg of DEP suspended in 35 µL of 0.9% sterile saline or sterile saline (CON) only twice a week for 4 w. A subset of mice was treated with 0.3 g/day of Winclove Ecologic® barrier probiotics (PRO) in drinking water throughout the duration of the study. Our results show that DEP exposure ± probiotics resulted in increased goblet cells and mucin (MUC)-2 expression, as determined by AB/PAS staining. Immunofluorescent quantification and/or RT-qPCR showed that DEP exposure increases claudin-3, occludin, zona occludens (ZO)-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, and decreases tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-10 expression compared to CON. DEP exposure + probiotics increases expression of claudin-3, occludin, ZO-1, TNF-α, and IL-10 and decreases MMP-9 and TLR-4 compared to CON + PRO in the small intestine. Collectively, these results show that DEP exposure alters intestinal integrity and inflammation in conjunction with a HF diet. Probiotics proved fundamental in understanding the role of the microbiome in protecting and altering inflammatory responses in the intestines following exposure to inhaled DEP.

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JS-3 Isolated from “Jiangshui” Ameliorates Hyperuricemia by Regulating Gut Microbiota and iTS Metabolism

“…Owing to the remarkable acid production capability of JS-3 and its role in enriching SCFA-producing bacteria (Bifidobacterium [38], Lachnospiraceae [39], and Clostridia_UCG-014 [40]), we initially measured the content of fecal SCFAs, which are one of the metabolites of gut microbiota. SCFAs play vital physiological roles, regulating the function of intestinal epithelial cells, maintaining the stability of the intestinal environment, and offering therapeutic benefits for conditions like intestinal inflammation [41]. Our findings indicated a substantial reduction in SCFA levels in hyperuricemic quails, which significantly improved following JS-3 treatment, especially affecting propionic acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, and isovaleric acid.…”

Effects of three different probiotics of Tibetan sheep origin and their complex probiotics on intestinal damage, immunity, and immune signaling pathways of mice infected with Clostridium perfringens type C

“…Complex probiotic treatment more significantly upregulated the expression of this gene in all treatments in this trial. In addition to mucoprotein, Claudin-1, and Occludin proteins are the backbones that mainly constitute the tightly linked chains that reduce the uptake of toxins by the organism during pathogenic bacterial infections ( Phillippi et al, 2022 ). Lactobacillus acidophilus has been shown to increase the expression of Occludin protein for resistance to disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier by Escherichia coli ( Mehdizadeh Gohari et al, 2019 ).…”

Collagen Hydrolysate from the Scales of Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Improve Hair and Skin Health by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and Promoting Hair Growth and Extracellular Matrix Factors

“…Thus, to improve clinical characteristics such as elasticity, shine, and thickness, it is essential to enhance the cuticle, cortex, and medulla. Previous studies have shown that probiotic consumption in aged male animals increased subcuticular folliculogenesis, resulting in luxuriant fur and improved anti-inflammation [ 68 ]. Additionally, IGF-1 and EGF have been found to jointly stimulate hair shaft elongation, promote the transition of the hair cycle, and enhance cell proliferation in the outer root sheaths and dermal papilla [ 69 ].…”