Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review

Özen, Metehan; Sandal, Gonca; Dinleyici, Ener Çağrı

doi:10.1517/14712598.2015.980233

Cited by 52 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Furthermore, neither B cells nor antibodies are crucial elements of Lactobacillus -mediated protection against the lethal sequelae of this infection (Percopo et al, 2014a). Orally-delivered L. plantarum also has no impact in this setting (Percopo et al, 2014a), a finding that is consistent with the current clinical literature on the role of oral supplementation and its impact on respiratory virus infection (Hao et al, 2011; Esposito et al, 2014; Ozen et al, 2015). …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Immunobiotic Lactobacillus administered post-exposure averts the lethal sequelae of respiratory virus infection

Percopo¹,

Rice²,

Brenner³

et al. 2015

Antiviral Research

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We reported previously that priming of the respiratory tract with immunobiotic Lactobacillus prior to virus challenge protects mice against subsequent lethal infection with pneumonia virus of mice (PVM). We present here the results of gene microarray which document differential expression of proinflammatory mediators in response to PVM infection alone and those suppressed in response to Lactobacillus plantarum. We also demonstrate for the first time that intranasal inoculation with live or heat-inactivated L. plantarum or Lactobacillus reuteri promotes full survival from PVM infection when administered within 24 h after virus challenge. Survival in response to L. plantarum administered after virus challenge is associated with suppression of proinflammatory cytokines, limited virus recovery, and diminished neutrophil recruitment to lung tissue and airways. Utilizing this post-virus challenge protocol, we found that protective responses elicited by L. plantarum at the respiratory tract were distinct from those at the gastrointestinal mucosa, as mice devoid of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-10, exhibit survival and inflammatory responses that are indistinguishable from those of their wild-type counterparts. Finally, although L. plantarum interacts specifically with pattern recognition receptors TLR2 and NOD2, the respective gene-deleted mice were fully protected against lethal PVM infection by L. plantarum, as are mice devoid of type I interferon receptors. Taken together, L. plantarum is a versatile and flexible agent that is capable of averting the lethal sequelae of severe respiratory infection both prior to and post-virus challenge via complex and potentially redundant mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Immunobiotic Lactobacillus administered post-exposure averts the lethal sequelae of respiratory virus infection

Percopo¹,

Rice²,

Brenner³

et al. 2015

Antiviral Research

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show abstract

“…In mouse model studies, oral administration of probiotic bacteria results in the attenuation of inflammatory responses via strain-specific interactions with innate immune cells and with the gastrointestinal epithelium via engagement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs; Rakoff-Nahoum, et al , 2004; Koizumi et al , 2008; Liu et al , 2012) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD)-like receptors (Wu et al , 2015; Macho Fernandez et al , 2011). However, at this time, the clinical efficacy of orally-administered probiotic bacteria with respect to respiratory virus infection and associated inflammation has not been clearly established (Hao et al , 2011; Esposito, et al , 2014; Ozen et al , 2015). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling via pattern recognition receptors NOD2 and TLR2 contributes to immunomodulatory control of lethal pneumovirus infection

et al. 2016

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Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) engage microbial components in the lung, although their role in providing primary host defense against respiratory virus infection is not fully understood. We have previously shown that Gram-positive Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) administered to the respiratory tract promotes full and sustained protection in response to an otherwise lethal mouse pneumovirus (PVM) infection, a robust example of heterologous immunity. While Lp engages PRRs TLR2 and NOD2 in ex vivo signaling assays, we found that Lp-mediated protection was unimpaired in single gene-deleted TLR2−/− and NOD2−/− mice. Here we demonstrate substantial loss of Lp-mediated protection in a double gene-deleted NOD2−/−TLR2−/− strain. Furthermore, we demonstrate protection against PVM infection by administration of the bi-functional NOD2-TLR2 agonist, CL-429. The bi-functional NOD2-TLR2 ligand CL-429 not only suppresses virus-induced inflammation, it is significantly more effective at preventing lethal infection than equivalent amounts of mono-molecular TLR2 and NOD2 agonists. Interestingly, and in contrast to biochemical NOD2 and/or TLR2 agonists, Lp remained capable of eliciting primary proinflammatory responses from NOD2−/−TLR2−/− mice in vivo and from alveolar macrophages challenged ex vivo. Taken together, we conclude that coordinate engagement of NOD2 and TLR2 constitutes a key step in the genesis of Lp-mediated protection from a lethal respiratory virus infection, and represents a critical target for modulation of virus-induced inflammatory pathology.

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“…24 Adult trials investigating L. rhamnosus GG in URI are scarce. In a healthy college student population of 198 subjects, L. rhamnosus GG combined to Bifidobacterium animalis spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human rhinovirus in experimental infection after peroral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG consumption, a pilot study

Tapiovaara

Kumpu

Mäkivuokko

et al. 2016

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

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Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review

Cited by 52 publications

References 56 publications

Immunobiotic Lactobacillus administered post-exposure averts the lethal sequelae of respiratory virus infection

Immunobiotic Lactobacillus administered post-exposure averts the lethal sequelae of respiratory virus infection

Signaling via pattern recognition receptors NOD2 and TLR2 contributes to immunomodulatory control of lethal pneumovirus infection

Human rhinovirus in experimental infection after peroral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG consumption, a pilot study

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