Probiotics for preventing acute otitis media in children

Scott, Anna Mae; Clark, Justin; Julien, Blair; Islam, Farhana; Roos, Kristian; Grimwood, Keith; Little, Paul; Mar, C. Del

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012941.pub2

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…paracasei CNCM I-1518 is associated with beneficial effects across a broad spectrum of health outcomes, including the prevention of Clostridium difficile infections [ 18 , 51 ], the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection amongst children in conjunction with triple therapy (i.e., proton pump inhibitor and two antibiotics) [ 20 ], and the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea amongst adults [ 52 ]. Moreover, other published systematic reviews and meta-analyses have included studies in which multiple probiotic strains were investigated [ 17 , 22 ]. For example, given that the genus Lactobacillus alone is taxonomically complex wherein different species exhibit varying anti-infectious properties [ 53 , 54 ], the collective reporting of diverse Lactobacillus species obscures these differences, and the resulting generalizations may not be appropriate [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The supplementation of the diet with probiotics has been shown to be a promising, preventive approach against various infections, which include RTIs and GITIs [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli are the two most commonly used genera in probiotic studies [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, several systematic reviews on the effects of probiotics on infectious diseases have been published; however, the probiotic strains investigated within each systematic review were variable [ 15 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Though these analyses attempted to isolate the effects of the individual strains whenever possible, limited information on L. paracasei subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of a Fermented Dairy Drink Containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 (Lactobacillus casei CNCM I-1518) and the Standard Yogurt Cultures on the Incidence, Duration, and Severity of Common Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2020

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There is considerable interest in the role of probiotics in immune function. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effects of the consumption of a fermented dairy drink containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 (the previous taxonomic nomenclature was Lactobacillus casei CNCM I-1518, prior to the nomenclature change in April 2020) and the standard yogurt cultures (hereinafter referred to collectively as “FDD”) on common infectious diseases (CIDs) in generally healthy children and adults. Nine literature databases were searched, and nine randomized controlled trials from eight publications were eligible for inclusion. Combined effect sizes were determined for three metrics of CID incidence, two metrics of CID duration, and one metric of CID severity. Compared to the control, the consumption of the FDD resulted in (1) a significant reduction in the odds of experiencing ≥1 CID (odds ratio (OR) (with a 95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.81 (0.66, 0.98); p = 0.029); (2) a significant reduction in mean CIDs per subject (−0.09 (−0.15, −0.04); p = 0.001); and (3) a trend towards reduced risk in cumulative CIDs (relative risk (RR): 0.91 (0.82, 1.01); p = 0.082). The consumption of the FDD had no significant effect on CID duration or severity. Based on the studies conducted thus far, these results suggest that the FDD may reduce CID incidence in the general population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of a Fermented Dairy Drink Containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 (Lactobacillus casei CNCM I-1518) and the Standard Yogurt Cultures on the Incidence, Duration, and Severity of Common Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2020

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“…Probiotics are live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host [ 96 , 97 ]. Probiotic supplementation has been widely studied in children presenting various health conditions [ 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ], whereas there have been very few studies regarding gut microbiota dysbiosis in pediatric patients with cancer. The first one was published in 1980 [ 105 ] and was also one of the first works that examined the concept of intestinal decontamination, that is, a prophylactic strategy that consists of the administration of antimicrobials with limited anaerobicidal activity in order to reduce the burden of aerobic gram-negative bacteria and/or yeast in the intestinal tract and so prevent infections caused by these organisms.…”

Section: Dysbiosis and Cancer In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Prophylaxis and Modifications of the Gut Microbiota in Children with Cancer

et al. 2021

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In children with cancer, chemotherapy can produce cytotoxic effects, resulting in immunosuppression and an augmented risk of febrile neutropenia and bloodstream infections. This has led to widespread use of antibiotic prophylaxis which, combined with intensive chemotherapy treatment, could have a long-term effect on the gastrointestinal microbiome. In this review, we aimed to analyze the current literature about the widespread use of antibiotic prophylaxis in children experiencing infectious complications induced by chemotherapy and its effects on the gut microbiome. Our review of the literature shows that antimicrobial prophylaxis in children with cancer is still a trending topic and, at the moment, there are not enough data to define universal guidelines. Children with cancer experience long and painful medical treatments and side effects, which are associated with great economic and social burdens, important psychological consequences, and dysbiosis induced by antibiotics and also by chemotherapy. Considering the importance of a healthy gut microbiota, studies are needed to understand the impact of dysbiosis in response to therapy in these children and to define how to modulate the microbiome to favor a positive therapeutic outcome.

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“…The possibility of the prevention of recurrent AOM using a local administration of probiotics is also unclear. The example of Streptococcus salivarius 24SMB is paradigmatic in this regard [ 101 ]. The number of children who did not experience any AOM was higher in children who were given a probiotic nasal spray than among those in the placebo group (30.0 vs. 14.9%; p = 0.076); however, this difference was not significant.…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of New Respiratory Episodes in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Infections: An Expert Consensus Statement from the World Association of Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (WAidid)

et al. 2020

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In healthy infants and young children, the development of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) is extremely common. In this paper, we present an international consensus of the available approaches for the prevention of recurrent RTIs in children, including the atopic/allergic ones as well as those with asthma. Few convincing measures for reducing the frequency and clinical relevance of recurrent respiratory episodes in RTI-prone children have been developed until now. Among the most recently suggested measures, immunotherapy is attractive, but only for OM-85 is there a sufficient number of well-conducted clinical trials confirming efficacy in RTIs prevention with an adequate safety profile. In the case of probiotics, it is not clear which bacteria can offer the best results and which dosage and schedule of administration are the most effective. The problems of dosage and the schedule of administration are not solved also for vitamin D, despite some promising efficacy results. While we wait for new knowledge, the elimination or reduction as much as possible of the environmental factors that favor RTIs, vaccination when available and/or indicated, and the systematic application of the traditional methods for infection prevention, such as hand washing, remain the best measures to prevent recurrent infections in RTI-prone children.

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Probiotics for preventing acute otitis media in children

Cited by 20 publications

References 95 publications

Antimicrobial Prophylaxis and Modifications of the Gut Microbiota in Children with Cancer

Prevention of New Respiratory Episodes in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Infections: An Expert Consensus Statement from the World Association of Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (WAidid)

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