Probiotics as a promising treatment for inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

SUMMARYTreatment of chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is difficult due to the ambiguity surrounding their precise etiology. Complex interaction of genetic, microbial and environmental factors leads to sustained activation of the mucosal immune system resulting in active inflammation. Despite the efficacy of conventional therapy, significant side effects can occur, highlighting the need for novel treatment approaches to IBD. Since gut microflora appears to play a significant role in IBD, manipulation of its composition and activity by administering beneficial bacteria -probiotics, has been identified as a potential therapeutic option. Probiotic bacteria are able to modify and improve the intestinal environment and subsequently reduce the severity of intestinal inflammation associated with IBD. Clinical evidence suggest that probiotics can maintain remission in Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) but there are no convincing reports on the effectiveness in patients with more severe active forms of IBD. This review will explore various mechanisms how probiotics may affect IBD and summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of probiotics in IBD.

A Microbial Feed Additive Abates Intestinal Inflammation in Atlantic Salmon

“…Probiotics promote gut epithelial homeostasis by controlling the altered commensal bacterial composition, preventing pathogenic bacterial invasion, enhancing intestinal epithelial barrier function, and maintaining a balance between Th1/Th2 and Treg cells ( 23 – 25 ). The present study has obtained interesting findings in fish to support the beneficial properties of probiotics that are well-documented in the case of terrestrial animals ( 26 ).…”

“…In the current study, there was an apparent upregulation of tnfa (though not statistically significant) in the probiotic group at the initial time point (after 3 weeks feeding). In mammals, probiotics promote gut epithelial homeostasis by upregulation of IL10 and TGFβ, downregulation of IL12, TNFα, and IL8, and by lowering the NFκB activation in lamina propria mononuclear cells to counter inflammatory responses ( 23 – 25 , 44 , 45 ). Intake of probiotic, mainly the Lactobacillus strain, helped in balancing the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines ( 46 ), thereby attenuating proinflammatory activity.…”

Growth and effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on selected beneficial bacteria

“…Even though probiotic microorganisms have been a part of the daily diet for centuries, human health and the treatment of diseases related to these microorganisms have only been researched in the last two decades (Marco et al, 2017;Haddadin et al, 2012). Ot has been proven in in vivo and in vitro experiments that probiotics contribute to lactose digestion (Oqbal et al,2014), enhance the epithelial barrier (Mikov et al, 2014;Gogineni et al,2013), prevent diarrhea or decrease diarrhea duration caused by various reasons (Sarowska et al, 2013;Htwe et al, 2008), prevent constipation and allergic reactions (Malaguarnera et al, 2013), and offer alternative medicine to heart and vascular (Thushara et al, 2016), upper respiratory tract (Tapiovaara, 2016), and gingival diseases (Joshi & Pandharbale, 2015).…”

Imunohistoquímica na avaliação das doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII).

“…Contudo, as terapias convencionais ainda persistem, como o uso do Ácido 5-aminosalicílico (5-ASA) e o Metotrexato 5 . Há ainda os probióticos que, comprovadamente, reduzem a severidade da inflamação e podem manter a remissão nas DII 6 .…”