Probiotics and the immunological response to infant vaccinations; a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Sørensen, Charlotte; Fuglsang, Eva; Jørgensen, Charlotte Sværke; Laursen, Rikke Pilmann; Larnkjær, Anni; Mølgaard, Christian; Ritz, Christian; Michaelsen, Kim F.; Krogfelt, Karen A.; Frøkiær, Hanne

doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2018.07.031

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Previous studies show no statistical significance between the probiotics group and the placebo group when comparing carriage rate of pneumococcal serotypes and no significant difference in antibody response to PCV13 8,10 . Furthermore, no significant differences between the groups were seen in terms of gender, siblings, breastfeeding, indoor pets, health status since birth, smoking in the household, age or compliance 18 , thus the two groups were compiled for analyses in this study (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…It was previously shown that daily administration of a combination of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG for a 6-month intervention period did not affect the antibody response against S. pneumoniae in healthy Danish children in terms of geometric mean of the antibody concentrations against 12 S. www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ pneumoniae serotypes 8 . In this study, we found that the antibody response to PCV13-vaccination was independent of the pneumococcal carrier status of the children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Blood sampling and sample preparation. The peripheral whole blood was drawn at baseline and at the end of intervention as previously described 8 . Aliquots (approximately 0.5 mL) were subsequently sampled according to the type of analysis and serum was collected and stored at −80 °C until examination by LuminexA.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Factors influencing PCV13 specific antibody response in Danish children starting in day care

Fjeldhøj

Fuglsang

Sørensen

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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This study examines different factors influencing the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) specific antibody response in 8-13 months old Danish children starting in day care. We present secondary findings to the ProbiComp study, which included nose swabs, buccal swabs and blood samples from the children before entering day care (baseline) and again after 6 months. Pneumococci isolated from nose swabs were identified by latex agglutination kit and Quellung reaction. Luminexbased assay was used for antibody measurements against specific anti-pneumococcal capsular IgG. Buccal gene expression was analyzed by qPCR. Statistical analyses were performed in R and included Pearson's Chi-squared test, Welch two sample t-test and linear regression models. The PCV13 antibody response was unaffected by whether the children were carriers or non-carriers of any pneumococcal serotype. Having siblings increased the risk of carrying serotype 21 before day care (p = 0.020), and having siblings increased the PCV13 antibody response at the end of study (p = 0.0135). Hepatitis B-vaccination increased the PCV13 antibody response before day care attendance (p = 0.005). The expression of IL8 and IL1B was higher in children carrying any pneumococcal serotype at baseline compared to non-carriers (p = 0.0125 and p = 0.0268 respectively). Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is associated with high mortality and morbidity worldwide, especially among elderly aged 65+ years old and young children <2 years of age 1. More than 92 different serotypes of S. pneumoniae are known 2 and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), which was introduced into the Danish Childhood Immunization Program in 2010, protects against 13 of the known serotypes (

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Factors influencing PCV13 specific antibody response in Danish children starting in day care

Fjeldhøj

Fuglsang

Sørensen

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…A combination of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) daily was able to decrease IL-6 production in 290 children receiving vaccines for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bordetella pertussis [66] . Moreover, in mice the administration of immunobiotic Lactobacillus plantarum to the respiratory tracts in acute pneumonia virus infection promoted survival in association with diminished levels of IL-6 [67] .…”

Section: Implications: Gut-liver Axis and Microbiota Modulation As Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal permeability changes with bacterial translocation as key events modulating systemic host immune response to SARS-CoV-2: A working hypothesis

Cardinale

Capurso

Ianiro

et al. 2020

Digestive and Liver Disease

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The microbiota-gut-liver-lung axis plays a bidirectional role in the pathophysiology of a number of infectious diseases. During the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, this pathway is unbalanced due to intestinal involvement and systemic inflammatory response. Moreover, there is convincing preliminary evidence linking microbiota-gut-liver axis perturbations, proinflammatory status, and endothelial damage in noncommunicable preventable diseases with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) severity. Intestinal damage due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, systemic inflammation-induced dysfunction, and IL-6-mediated diffuse vascular damage may increase intestinal permeability and precipitate bacterial translocation. The systemic release of damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (e.g. lipopolysaccharides) and consequent immune-activation may in turn auto-fuel vicious cycles of systemic inflammation and tissue damage. Thus, intestinal bacterial translocation may play an additive/synergistic role in the cytokine release syndrome in Covid-19. This review provides evidence on gut-liver axis involvement in Covid-19 as well as insights into the hypothesis that intestinal endotheliitis and permeability changes with bacterial translocation are key pathophysiologic events modulating systemic inflammatory response. Moreover, it presents an overview of readily applicable measures for the modulation of the gut-liver axis and microbiota in clinical practice.

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“…Invasion of microorganisms and absorbed metabolites affects circulating lymphocytes and the intestinal microbiota is disrupted, leading to a change in the immune response group (Fig. 4) (Sørensen et al 2019). In particular, interleukin IL-6 is one of the substances that are significantly elevated in patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease, especially in the nonsurvival group.…”

Section: Microbiome As a Barrier To Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is a healthy microbiome responsible for lower mortality in COVID-19?

2020

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The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of an ongoing pandemic with significant case fatality ratio (CFR) worldwide. Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily causes respiratory infection by binding to ACE2 receptors present on alveolar epithelial cells, studies have been published linking the disease to the small intestine enterocytes and its microbiome. Dysbiosis of microbiome, mainly intestinal and lung, can affect the course of the disease. Environmental factors, such as reduced intake of commensal bacteria from the environment or their products in the diet, play an important role in microbiome formation, which can significantly affect the immune response. In elderly, obese or chronically ill people, the microbiota is often damaged. Therefore, we speculate that a good microbiome may be one of the factors responsible for lower CFR from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). An approach using tailored nutrition and supplements known to improve the intestinal microbiota and its immune function might help minimize the impact of the disease at least on people at higher risk from coronavirus. Abbreviations ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COVID-19 The coronavirus disease 2019 CFR Case fatality ratio LAB Lactic acid bacteria LPS Lipopolysaccharides SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 SCFAs Short-chain fatty acids

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Probiotics and the immunological response to infant vaccinations; a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Abstract: The probiotic intervention did not affect the antibody response against S. pneumoniae and B. pertussis toxin in healthy Danish children.

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Factors influencing PCV13 specific antibody response in Danish children starting in day care

Factors influencing PCV13 specific antibody response in Danish children starting in day care

Intestinal permeability changes with bacterial translocation as key events modulating systemic host immune response to SARS-CoV-2: A working hypothesis

Is a healthy microbiome responsible for lower mortality in COVID-19?

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