Probiotics and prebiotics in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: New opportunities for translational research

Panigrahi, Pinaki

doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2013.11.016

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…There are now several interventions being studied in pre-term low birth weight infants through the prophylactic administration of specialized prebiotics and probiotics. This approach seems to offer a tantalizing hope that gut microbial dysbiosis is amenable to manipulation and a decrease in the incidence if NEC (89, 90). …”

Section: Intervention In the Neonatal Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

The Eukaryotic Microbiome: Origins and Implications for Fetal and Neonatal Life

Miller

2016

Front. Pediatr.

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All eukaryotic organisms are holobionts representing complex collaborations between the entire microbiome of each eukaryote and its innate cells. These linked constituencies form complex localized and interlocking ecologies in which the specific microbial constituents and their relative abundance differ substantially according to age and environmental exposures. Rapid advances in microbiology and genetic research techniques have uncovered a significant previous underestimate of the extent of that microbial contribution and its metabolic and developmental impact on holobionts. Therefore, a re-calibration of the neonatal period is suggested as a transitional phase in development that includes the acquisition of consequential collaborative microbial life from extensive environmental influences. These co-dependent, symbiotic relationships formed in the fetal and neonatal stages extend into adulthood and even across generations.

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Section: Intervention In the Neonatal Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

The Eukaryotic Microbiome: Origins and Implications for Fetal and Neonatal Life

Miller

2016

Front. Pediatr.

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“…Prebiotics are “non-digestible food ingredients that selectively stimulate the growth or activity of anaerobic/microaerophilic flora ( Bifidobacterium / Lactobacillus ) in the colon of mammals” [14]. Prebiotics do not supplement with actual organisms, but rather support the growth of the bacteria already established within the intestinal tract.…”

Section: Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prebiotics such as inulin, lactulose, and short chain fructo-oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides are not well studied in the neonatal and preterm patient populations with respect to their use, efficacy, or safety [14]. …”

Section: Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are multiple mechanisms proposed to explain the effects of probiotics on the neonatal microbiome and disease susceptibility. These mechanisms include competitive exclusion of pathogenic bacteria, improvement of the epithelial barrier function within the intestines, secretion of bacteriocins, and direct anti-inflammatory effects on epithelial signaling pathways [14,15,36–38]. …”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies are heterogeneous in all aspects, including probiotic strain(s) utilized, the doses administered, and inclusion and exclusion criteria employed with enrollment of study participants [14,42]. No study has been powered to evaluate safety with regard to possible risks of the probiotic treatment, including sepsis [43,44].…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial therapeutic interventions

Grady

Petrof

Claud

2016

Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine

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SUMMARY The microbiome comprises all the microbes living in and on the human body. Human cells are greatly outnumbered by bacterial cells; thus human health depends on the health of the microbial ecosystem. For the immature preterm infant, the microbiome also influences intestinal and immune system development. This has implications for short term morbidities such as neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis, but also long term health outcomes. Optimization of the preterm infant microbiome is a growing topic of interest. The microbial world is not one of good versus evil, but rather one of community; thus optimization includes not only minimizing pathogens, but also enhancing beneficial organisms. Options for optimization include judicious antibiotic use, administration of supplements such as prebiotics or probiotics, and transfaunation procedures such as fecal microbial transplant or microbial ecosystem therapeutics. Potential for benefit as well as risk for each of these options will be discussed.

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