Probiotics and Prebiotics: Effects on Diarrhea1

Vrese, Michael de; Marteau, Philippe

doi:10.1093/jn/137.3.803s

Cited by 240 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…The results of faecal bacterial populations in our study supported the conclusion that 0.6 g/day inulin did not decrease the incidence of diarrhoea in kids. Despite some promising results of animal experiments, there is not enough evidence to a successful use of prebiotics for the prevention or treatment of diarrhoea (De Vrese and Marteau, 2007). In general, the kids in the present study were healthy.…”

contrasting

confidence: 64%

“…Colonic fermentation of fructans by beneficial microflora increases the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), acetate, propionate and butyrate (Saavedra, 2005;Barry et al, 2009). SCFA are bactericidal substances (De Vrese and Marteau, 2007) and increased SCFA production lowers pH in the colon, which suppresses the growth of potential pathogens (Swanson et al, 2002a;Barry et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, data on the efficacy of fructans are variable owing to the type of fructans and basal diet used and animal characteristics (species, age, stage of production, health status) and are not yet fully conclusive (Schley and Field, 2002;De Vrese and Marteau, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infectious agents, such as E. coli, Salmonella species, Clostridium species, Cryptosporidium species and rotavirus, and nutritional problems, less common, can cause diarrhoea in neonatal kids (Kritas et al, 2003;Smith and Sherman, 2009). Mul (1997) and De Vrese and Marteau (2007) reported that fructans can contribute to the prophylactic prevention of diarrhoea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current study, inulin supplementation did not affect the incidence of diarrhoea (Table 5). Prebiotics inhibit the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the colon by increasing the production of SCFA and lowering pH (Flickinger et al, 2003a;Barry et al, 2009), which may decrease the incidence of diarrhoea caused by intestinal bacterial infections (De Vrese and Marteau, 2007;Heinrichs et al, 2009). The results of faecal bacterial populations in our study supported the conclusion that 0.6 g/day inulin did not decrease the incidence of diarrhoea in kids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of inulin supplementation on selected faecal characteristics and health of neonatal Saanen kids sucking milk from their dams

Kara

Orman

Gencoglu

et al. 2012

Animal

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Fifty newborn Saanen kids were used to study the effects of inulin supplementation on faecal score, faecal pH, selected faecal bacterial population, BW, body temperature, haematological traits, selected health parameters and the incidence of diarrhoea. Kids were sorted by parity of their dams and multiple birth (twin or triplet) and assigned to one of the two groups (control: CG, and experimental: EG) at birth. Each group consisted of 25 kids. The groups were similar with regard to sex and birth weight. All kids were fed colostrum for the first 3 days after birth, and then the kids in EG were adapted to inulin supplementation by an increased dosage from day 4 to 7. Each kid in EG was supplemented with 0.2 g, 0.3 g, 0.4 g, 0.5 g and 0.6 g inulin on day 4, 5, 6, 7 and from day 8 to 28, respectively, whereas the kids in CG did not receive inulin. Faecal score and faecal bacterial population were not affected by inulin supplementation (P . 0.05). There were differences in faecal pH on day 14 (P 5 0.01) and 28 (P,0.05), whereas no difference in faecal pH on day 21 (P . 0.05) was detected between groups. No differences (P . 0.05) in BW and haematological traits were found between groups. Body temperature did not differ on day 14 and 21 (P . 0.05), whereas there was a difference in body temperature on day 28 (P 5 0.01) between groups. The numbers of kids with pneumonia and kids treated for pneumonia and diarrhoea were similar for CG and EG. Kid losses during the study were the same for CG and EG. The incidence of diarrhoea was not affected by inulin supplementation (P . 0.05). Inulin supplemented to kids did not adversely affect faecal score. The effect of inulin on faecal pH was not consistent. The results of our study suggested that daily dose (0.6 g) of inulin might not be enough to observe effects of it. Our data will be useful to determine the dose and timing of inulin supplementation in future studies investigating the effects of inulin on the parameters associated with performance and health status in kids and other young ruminants.

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contrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of inulin supplementation on selected faecal characteristics and health of neonatal Saanen kids sucking milk from their dams

Kara

Orman

Gencoglu

et al. 2012

Animal

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Bioactive Components in Yogurt Products

Ibeagha‐Awemu

Liu

Zhao

2009

Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products

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The Pharmacobiotic Potential of the Gastrointestinal Tract Micro‐Biometabolome–Probiotic Connect: A Brief Commentary

Vitetta

Alford²

2013

Drug Development Research

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Given that the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) mucosa is one of the most metabolically active tissues, basic research spanning over the last three decades has also recognized that the idea that microbes are to be eliminated at all costs is flawed. This research has significantly redefined the exchanges between gut-dwelling microbes and vertebrates by recognizing that the microbial active cohort and its mammalian host have shared critical coevolutionary metabolic interactions that span millennia. As such, the GIT microbiome may also be the site for the production of novel molecules that exhibit therapeutic efficacy, realizing a long held notion that the GIT commensal cohort is a site for pharmacobiotic activity. Indeed basic and clinical research aimed at manipulating the GIT microbiota demonstrates the potential that exists in the microbiological production of nutra-pharmaceuticals. In this commentary/brief review we develop a hypothesis that multi-strain probiotics can influence the commensal microbiota in the GIT in a beneficial manner by upregulating the pharmacobiotic potential of the microbial cohort. Furthermore, we illustrate this with a biologically plausible posit for the beneficial use of a multi-strain probiotic to prevent and treat Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. As such we further posit in this review that microbial cohorts (e.g., in the GIT) present bacterial communities with an overwhelming accuracy at identifying pathogens/pathogenic states than do current diagnostic methodologies; this then plausibly leading to future microbe directed site-specific therapeutics. Drug Dev Res 74 : 353-359, 2013.

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Probiotics and Prebiotics: Effects on Diarrhea1

Cited by 240 publications

References 124 publications

Effects of inulin supplementation on selected faecal characteristics and health of neonatal Saanen kids sucking milk from their dams

Effects of inulin supplementation on selected faecal characteristics and health of neonatal Saanen kids sucking milk from their dams

Bioactive Components in Yogurt Products

The Pharmacobiotic Potential of the Gastrointestinal Tract Micro‐Biometabolome–Probiotic Connect: A Brief Commentary

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