Probiotics and plant-derived compounds as eco-friendly agents to inhibit microbial toxins in poultry feed: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Some of pathogenic bacteria and fungi have the ability to produce fetal toxins which may be the direct causes of cytotoxicity or cellular dysfunction in the colonization site. Biological and non-biological environmental factors, challenge and microbes influence the effect of toxins on these pathogens. Modern research mentions that many natural materials can reduce the production of toxins in pathogenic microbes. However, researches that explain the mechanical theories of their effects are meager. This review aimed to discuss the ameliorative potential role of plant-derived compounds and probiotics to reduce the toxin production of food-borne microbes either in poultry bodies or poultry feedstuff. Moreover, studies that highlight their own toxicological mechanisms have been discussed. Adding natural additives to feed has a clear positive effect on the enzymatic and microbiological appearance of the small intestine without any adverse effect on the liver. Studies in this respect were proposed to clarify the effects of these natural additives for feed. In conclusion, it could be suggested that the incorporation of probiotics, herbal extracts, and herbs in the poultry diets has some beneficial effects on productive performance, without a positive impact on economic efficiency. In addition, the use of these natural additives in feed has a useful impact on the microbiological appearance of the small intestine and do not have any adverse impacts on intestinal absorption or liver activity as evidenced by histological examination.

Effect of Dietary Boswellia serrata Resin on Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry, and Cecal Microbiota of Growing Rabbits

“…The B. serrata essential oil has plentiful attributes of interest, comprising anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidant activities as well as immunostimulatory agent, and it was successfully used as natural feed additive for poultry (5,6,8,9,20); however, there is a lack of information on the use of this medicinal plants in rabbit. Generally, medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites have been used for improving the efficiency and productivity of livestock production (1,21). The present study showed beneficial impacts of dietary BS supplementation on the LBW and BWG of growing rabbits.…”

“…The use of a 0.25-0.75 g/kg diet of BS the rabbit diets enhanced the feed consumption and efficiency. Previous studies have been shown the similar positive impact of phytogenic feed additives in animal production (1,4,8,9,21). The enhancement in LBW and BWG by BS, as a natural growth promoter, may be attributed to the presence of some active compounds (such as boswellic acid) which stimulates the ability to absorb and digest nutrients (5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Impact of restricting feed and probiotic supplementation on growth performance, mortality and carcass traits of meat‐type quails

“…Ashayerizadeh et al (), Alagawany (, ) and Abd El‐Hack (, ) recommended that probiotics and prebiotics could be used as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters because they are free of harmful side effects to consumers, in addition to their ability to improve broiler chickens' growth indices. Li et al () showed that FCR was improved in laying ducks fed a diet supplemented with a Bacillus probiotic.…”

Effects of various Toxeat concentrations on growth performance, immune response, cecal microflora, and gut morphology in broilers fed with aflatoxin contaminated diets

“…Probiotics have many benefits to the host mainly through improving and/or strengthening the immune system [16]. They improve the efficiency of intestinal absorption of food by absorbing aflatoxin from the diet [19]. As the results of the present study indicated, Toxeat ® can alleviate suppressive and stressful effects that aflatoxin has on chickens.…”

“…Weight gain (g/bird) Feed intake(g/bird) FCR Livability % of aflatoxicosis [19]. LAB-containing Toxeat ® increased LAB levels in the cecum.…”