Probiotics and blood pressure: current insights

Abstract

Gut microbiota play a significant role in host metabolic processes, and recent metagenomic surveys have revealed that they are involved in host immune modulation and influence host development and physiology (organ development). Initially, probiotics are identified as potential therapeutics to treat gastrointestinal disorders and to revitalize the disturbed gut ecosystem. Currently, studies are exploring the potential for expanded uses of probiotics for improving the health conditions in metabolic disorders that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. Further investigations are required to evaluate targeted and effective use of the wide variety of probiotic strains in various metabolic disorders to improve the overall health status of the host. This review addresses the causes of hypertension and the hypotensive effect of probiotics, with a focus on their mechanistic action.

Gut Microbiota

“…14 Manipulating gut microbiota using pre- and probiotics might prove a valuable adjuvant to traditional antihypertensives. A meta-analysis suggested that they may lower BP by a modest degree, with potentially greater effect when BP is elevated, multiple probiotic species are consumed, the duration is ≥8 weeks, or daily consumption is ≥1011 colony-forming units.…”

Probiotics and Its Relationship with the Cardiovascular System

“…Some examples of the positive outcome from probiotics have been an improved immune system through immunoglobulin production, trigger cell-mediated immune response, and help in the treatment of gut disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Clostridium difficile colitis, gastric ulcers lactose intolerance, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Positive results from probiotics are caused by the multifactorial process related to them that results in the production of organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, bacteriocins, bacteriocin-link inhibitory substances, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-conjugated linoleic acid, and ϒ-amino butyric acid [8]. These can cause improvements that range from improved bone density, anxiety, hyperammonemia, and improved blood lipid profile to name a few [3].…”

“…The more recent metagenomics studies are those that have demonstrated that probiotics are involved in host immune modulation and influence the development and physiology of organs. Therefore, they have been identified as the possible medical therapies to treat GI disorders and to restore an impaired gut ecosystem [8]. Studies have strengthened the idea of the importance of probiotics in aiding the prevention and prophylaxis of gut disorders, urogenital, and respiratory infections with their results [8].…”

“…Therefore, they have been identified as the possible medical therapies to treat GI disorders and to restore an impaired gut ecosystem [8]. Studies have strengthened the idea of the importance of probiotics in aiding the prevention and prophylaxis of gut disorders, urogenital, and respiratory infections with their results [8]. The hypothesis that they could aid in the fight against metabolic disorders is based on them having an effect on the modulation of composition and function of interstitial microbiota [7].…”

Production of Probiotic (Turshi) Pickled Vegetables

“…There have been many studies found that the consumption of probiotic is useful in the treatment of lactose intolerance, immune function, cholesterol, diarrhoea, blood pressure, colon cancer, Irritable bowel syndrome, colitis, inflammation and absorption of minerals (Montalto et. al., 2006;Upadrasta and Madempudi, 2016;Levri et. al., 2005;Simons et.…”