Probiotical Cell Fragments (PCFs) as “Novel Nutraceutical Ingredients”

Abstract

Probiotical cell fragments (PCFs) are structural components of the probiotic cell lysate(s) and exhibit similar beneficial effects on the host as live probiotic bacteria. With cell fragment technology (CFT™), the structural fragments are isolated and purified from live probiotic cells. While observed to be strain-dependent as in the case of live probiotics, orally administered PCFs demonstrated a broad spectrum of immune modulation functions; anti-allergy; anti-inflammation; anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties; anti-mutagenic; and radioprotective and detoxification abilities in humans and animals. The PCFs mechanisms of action include events of motifs of cell wall peptidoglycans (PGs), DNA motifs, nucleotide containing components, lipoteichoic acids (LTAs), surface layer (S-layer) proteins, and cellular carbohydrates. Different immunological in vivo-in vitro tests have shown that PCFs, essentially, have the ability to stimulate the macrophages, and induce cytokines such as interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), interferons (IFNs), and natural killer (NK) cells. PCFs may be used as ingredients for foods and beverages or as nutritional supplements with long term stability and shelf-life up to 5 years. PCFs may also be used as health restorative ingredients in cosmetic products. The outcome of probiotics CFT™ stands as an advantage to the food and pharmaceutical industries, regarding the formulation of unique products with unadulterated sensory characteristics of origin. Hence, PCFs are being characterized here as "novel nutraceutical ingredients" for health maintenance in both humans and animals.

Paraprobiotics and Postbiotics of Probiotic Lactobacilli, Their Positive Effects on the Host and Action Mechanisms: A Review

“…These products and byproducts of probiotic Lactobacillus have been found to possess magnificent beneficial functions including preservation of epithelial barrier, anti-tumor effect, immunomodulation, and antagonistic effects against pathogens. Furthermore, they have various advantages compared with probiotics, including clear chemical structures and safety dose parameters, as well as longer shelf life (217,218). Therefore, the use of paraprobiotics and postbiotics may represent a valid and safer alternative to live probiotic bacteria, and have exhibited good potential to replace probiotics (219,220).…”

Yogurt; A Novel Excipient (With Its Lysed Bacteria, Amino Acids, Vitamins, Fatty Acids, and Minerals) for “Topical Dermatological Products” and for “Skin Microbiota”

“…After exploration of the importance of Probiotic microorganisms like Lactobacillus species, Bifidobacterium species and their importance for "Human Gut Lumen Microbiota" and for "Skin Microbiota", scientific work upon this field is growing in an exponential manner. Because of the importance of probiotics for gut microbiota, and the importance of gut microbiota for human health and the immune system, probiotics attract the attention of many groups [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Different articles report interesting results, i.e.…”

“…80 °C [6]. It has also been shown by different publications and patents that the "lysates" of probiotics are at least as effective as their "live" forms in inhibiting various pathogenic bacteria, either in the gut lumen and/or skin surface [7,[11][12][13][14]. The conventional method of manufacturing topical dermatological products is performed at elevated temperatures (i.e.…”

Prebiotics: Metabolism and Symbiotic Synergy with Probiotics in Promoting Health

“…An advancement of intestinal microbiota including bifidobacteria (representing some of the probiotic bacteria) in early childhood from birth to 24 months is being demonstrated in Figure 3 [13]. In fact, an understanding on how the human immune system could differentiate between probiotics and harmful bacteria is no longer a serious challenge as it used to be in the past [12,14].…”