Probiotic therapy - recruiting old friends to fight new foes

Sleator, Roy D.

doi:10.1186/1757-4749-2-5

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The deployment of the same basic machinery for host cell adhesion by both commensal and pathogenic E. coli species in this ecosystem is a prime example, 157 and mechanisms for adherence to host cells and colonization of the gut epithelium, have been shown to be plasmid-encoded in both pathogenic and commensal strains 44 , 78 , 129 , 130 , 136 , 139 , 156 . This highlights the potential for the patho-biotechnological exploitation of the gut mobile metagenome in the rational design of probiotics and associated delivery systems 146 - 150 …”

Section: Overview Of Plasmids Associated With Gut Microbes and Encodementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary, ecological and biotechnological perspectives on plasmids resident in the human gut mobile metagenome

2012

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Numerous mobile genetic elements (MGE) are associated with the human gut microbiota and collectively referred to as the gut mobile metagenome. The role of this flexible gene pool in development and functioning of the gut microbial community remains largely unexplored, yet recent evidence suggests that at least some MGE comprising this fraction of the gut microbiome reflect the co-evolution of host and microbe in the gastro-intestinal tract. In conjunction, the high level of novel gene content typical of MGE coupled with their predicted high diversity, suggests that the mobile metagenome constitutes an immense and largely unexplored gene-space likely to encode many novel activities with potential biotechnological or pharmaceutical value, as well as being important to the development and functioning of the gut microbiota. Of the various types of MGE that comprise the gut mobile metagenome, plasmids are of particular importance since these elements are often capable of autonomous transfer between disparate bacterial species, and are known to encode accessory functions that increase bacterial fitness in a given environment facilitating bacterial adaptation. In this article current knowledge regarding plasmids resident in the human gut mobile metagenome is reviewed, and available strategies to access and characterize this portion of the gut microbiome are described. The relative merits of these methods and their present as well as prospective impact on our understanding of the human gut microbiota is discussed.

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Section: Overview Of Plasmids Associated With Gut Microbes and Encodementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary, ecological and biotechnological perspectives on plasmids resident in the human gut mobile metagenome

2012

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“…). In addition to compete with pathogens for niches and nutrients, ‘competitively excluding’ disease‐causing microbes from the host, certain probiotic bacteria have also been shown to produce potent antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) which specifically target the invading pathogen (Sleator ). Bacteriocins have specific inhibitory activity against Gram‐positive bacteria, whereas organic acids are more effective against Gram‐negative pathogens (Marianelli et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This property could be helpful in allowing lactobacilli to colonize the intestines, as well as in the course of inflammation to protect the intestinal mucosa against excessive oxidative stress (Hu¨tt et al 2006). In addition to compete with pathogens for niches and nutrients, 'competitively excluding' disease-causing microbes from the host, certain probiotic bacteria have also been shown to produce potent antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) which specifically target the invading pathogen (Sleator 2010). Bacteriocins have specific inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria, whereas organic acids are more effective against Gram-negative pathogens (Marianelli et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus IMC 501^® , Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502^® and SYNBIO^® against pathogens

et al. 2014

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, and their 1 : 1 combination, named SYNBIO â , were studied using four different methods. Methods and Results: Using two modified streak methods and a well diffusion method, the inhibitory activity of the probiotics and their metabolites towards six Gram-positive, nine Gram-negative pathogenic bacterial strains and eight Candida strains was tested. Antagonistic effect of probiotic Lactobacillus strains was also investigated by coculturing assay highlighting a significant inhibition of most of the pathogens tested in this study. The combination SYNBIO â showed a microbicidal activity against most of the strains tested in the study. Conclusions: Compared with the control, most of the pathogenic bacteria and yeast were inhibited by all probiotic strains tested to various degrees. Significance and Impact of the Study: Screening Lactobacillus strains according to their activity in various environmental conditions could precede the clinical efficacy studies for adjunct treatment with probiotics in cure of different gastrointestinal and vaginal tract infections.

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“…Binding of probiotics to host cell receptors can induce the host cells to secrete various anti-inflammatory compounds which results in amelioration of inflammatory response/tissue damage [48]. Probiotics can also bind to bacterial toxins resulting in toxin neutralization [49]. Similar type of protection can be provided by symbiota associated with other organs i.e.…”

Section: Role Of Microbiota In Human Health: Importance Of Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These probiotics are genetically engineered to express the mimics of host cell receptors for pathogenic microbes on surface [49]. Such probiotics can be used in effective toxin sequestration, neutralizing antibody production, and detoxification [69].…”

Section: Genetically Engineered Probiotics: Potential Of Recombinant mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging importance of holobionts in evolution and in probiotics

Singh¹,

Ahmad

Musarrat

et al. 2013

Gut Pathog

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The existence of microbe free animals or plants in nature is virtually impossible as they and plants have a certain degree of symbiotic association with microbes. This symbiotic association leads to the formation of holobiont (host and its symbionts). This mutual coexistence is not merely at the physical or chemical level but also at the genetic level leading to the emergence of the concept of hologenome (gene pool of host and its associated symbionts). The abundance of symbionts with the associated gene diversity contributes to the fitness of the holobiont under varying environmental conditions. The hologenome theory of evolution considers the dynamic holobiont as a single unit for natural selection and provides a more accommodating view of evolution blending Darwinism and Lamarkism. Additionally, holobionts are providing scientific basis to our understanding of the growing importance of probiotics in human health and in disease management.

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Probiotic therapy - recruiting old friends to fight new foes

Abstract: Against a backdrop of increasing antibiotic resistance, and the emergence of new and evolving pathogens, clinicians are increasingly forced to consider alternative therapies - probiotics are one such alternative.

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Evolutionary, ecological and biotechnological perspectives on plasmids resident in the human gut mobile metagenome

Evolutionary, ecological and biotechnological perspectives on plasmids resident in the human gut mobile metagenome

In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus IMC 501^® , Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502^® and SYNBIO^® against pathogens

Emerging importance of holobionts in evolution and in probiotics

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Probiotic therapy - recruiting old friends to fight new foes

Abstract: Against a backdrop of increasing antibiotic resistance, and the emergence of new and evolving pathogens, clinicians are increasingly forced to consider alternative therapies - probiotics are one such alternative.

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Evolutionary, ecological and biotechnological perspectives on plasmids resident in the human gut mobile metagenome

Evolutionary, ecological and biotechnological perspectives on plasmids resident in the human gut mobile metagenome

In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus IMC 501® , Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502® and SYNBIO® against pathogens

Emerging importance of holobionts in evolution and in probiotics

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Product

Resources

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In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus IMC 501^® , Lactobacillus paracasei IMC 502^® and SYNBIO^® against pathogens