“…437 Lactobacteria species Lactobacillus Firm-4 and Firm-5, L. helveticus, L. kunkeei, L. helsingborgensis, L. kimbladii, L. mellis, L. mellifer, L. melliventris, L. apis, L. kullaberme, L. johnsonii, L. micheneri, L. timberlakei, L. quenuiae, and L. plantarum are represented in the gut of honey bees in the greatest diversity and are characterized by an enhanced antioxidant potential. 158,[438][439][440] The antioxidant potential of lactobacteria may be associated with the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes such as catalase, thioredoxin reductase, catalase, glutathione reductase superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, as well as other products with antioxidant properties, such as lipoteichoic acid. 158,441 In the gut of wintering honey bees, the number of lactobacteria species with enhanced antioxidant potential, such as L. mellifer, L. apis, and L. melliventris, is increased.…”