Probiotic Lactobacilli Administration Induces Changes in the Fecal Microbiota of Preweaned Dairy Calves

Fernández-Ciganda, Sofía; Fraga, Martín; Zunino, Pablo

doi:10.1007/s12602-021-09834-z

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…A better understanding of the fecal microbiota in diarrheic and non-diarrheic calves can inform improved treatment and prevention strategies. Fecal microbiotas between diarrheic and non-diarrheic calves have been compared after interventions, such as trehalose supplementation [ 40 ], feeding waste milk containing antibiotic residues [ 41 ] or supplemented with sodium humate and glutamine combination [ 42 ], or single species [ 43 ] or multispecies probiotics [ 44 ]. These interventions affected the developing process of gut microbiota and increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus , which might conceal the natural development of resistance to pathogenic colonization in pre-weaned calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal microbiota dynamics and its relationship to diarrhea and health in dairy calves

Chen

Liu

Huang

et al. 2022

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background Diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young calves, resulting in considerable economic loss for dairy farms. To determine if some gut microbes might have resistance to dysbiotic process with calf diarrhea by dictating the microbial co-occurrence patterns from birth to post-weaning, we examined the dynamic development of the gut microbiota and diarrhea status using two animal trials, with the first trial having 14 Holstein dairy calves whose fecal samples were collected 18 times over 78 d from birth to 15 d post-weaning and the second trial having 43 Holstein dairy calves whose fecal samples were collected daily from 8 to 18 days of age corresponding to the first diarrhea peak of trial 1. Results Metataxonomic analysis of the fecal microbiota showed that the development of gut microbiota had three age periods with birth and weaning as the separatrices. Two diarrhea peaks were observed during the transition of the three age periods. Fusobacteriaceae was identified as a diarrhea-associated taxon both in the early stage and during weaning, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was another increased genus among diarrheic calves in the early stage. In the neonatal calves, Prevotella_2 (ASV4 and ASV26), Prevotella_9 (ASV43), and Alloprevotella (ASV14) were negatively associated with Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (ASV48), the keystone taxa of the diarrhea-phase module. During weaning, unclassified Muribaculaceae (ASV28 and ASV44), UBA1819 (ASV151), Barnesiella (ASV497), and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (ASV254) were identified being associated with non-diarrheic status, and they aggregated in the non-diarrhea module of co-occurrence patterns wherein unclassified Muribaculaceae (ASV28) and Barnesiella (ASV497) had a direct negative relationship with the members of the diarrhea module. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that the dynamic successions of calf gut microbiota and the interactions among some bacteria could influence calf diarrhea, and some species of Prevotella might be the core microbiota in both neonatal and weaning calves, while species of Muribaculaceae might be the core microbiota in weaning calves for preventing calf diarrhea. Some ASVs affiliated with Prevotella_2 (ASV4 and ASV26), Prevotella_9 (ASV43), Alloprevotella (AVS14), unclassified Muribaculaceae (ASV28 and ASV44), UBA1819 (ASV151), Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (ASV254), and Barnesiella (ASV497) might be proper probiotics for preventing calf diarrhea whereas Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (ASV48) might be the biomarker for diarrhea risk in specific commercial farms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal microbiota dynamics and its relationship to diarrhea and health in dairy calves

Chen

Liu

Huang

et al. 2022

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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“…Bacteria belonging to the genus Akkermansia are included in the intestinal mucus and regulate the integrity of the intestinal barrier by producing both anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10) 27 and SCFA to further support gut health. 28 In addition, when abundant, Akkermansia fulfils protective roles against several diseases in humans 29 as well as in calves 30 and is regarded as a third-generation probiotic. 29 Regarding Allistipes, previous studies have demonstrated in humans that this genus includes bacteria positively related to healthy anaerobes in the host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oil supplementation in milk replacers: short- and long-term impacts on feed efficiency, the faecal microbiota and the plasma metabolome in dairy calves

Andrés,

Gini,

Ceciliani

et al. 2024

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Early supplementation with oregano essential oil (EO) in milk replacer (MR) may improve growth, immune responses, the microbiota and the metabolome in dairy calves during pre-weaning and in adulthood. Sixteen female dairy calves (3 days of age) were divided in two groups (n = 8/group): the control group (no EO) and the EO group (0.23 ml of EO in MR during 45 days). After weaning, calves were kept in a feedlot and fed ad libitum. The animals were weighed, and blood and faecal samples were collected on days 3 (T0), 45 (T1) and 370 (T2) to measure the biochemical profile and characterise peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD21+ and WC1+), the metabolome and microbiota composition. The EO group only had greater average daily weight gain during the suckling (EO supplementation) period (P = 0.030). The EO group showed higher average CD14+ population (monocytes) values, a lower abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Alloprevotella and increased abundances of Allistipes and Akkermansia. The modification of some metabolites in plasma, such as butyric acid, 3-indole-propionic acid and succinic acid, particularly at T1, are consistent with intestinal microbiota changes. The data suggest that early EO supplementation increases feed efficiency only during the suckling period with notable changes in the microbiota and plasma metabolome; however, not all of these changes can be considered desirable from a gut health point of view. Additional research studies is required to demonstrate that EOs are a viable natural alternative to antibiotics for improving calf growth performance and health.

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“…Additionally, it is also known that organic acids, such as lactic acid, exert their anti-bacterial effect in the acidic range ( Ouwehand and Vesterlund, 2004 ). Since there were no investigations on the production of antimicrobial or otherwise protective substances in the present study, it would be interesting to have a closer look on those compounds in future research – ideally considering that, e.g., the gut microbiome and host immune responses can influence production and efficacy ( Fernández et al, 2018 ; Fernández-Ciganda et al, 2022 ). When using organoid models, it may also be possible to make some statements about the mechanisms of action under near-realistic conditions, which could substantiate and explain the clinical effectiveness in vitro ( Bozzetti and Senger, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus (Limosilactobacillus) reuteri: a probiotic candidate to reduce neonatal diarrhea in calves

Schwaiger,

Storch,

Bauer

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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BackgroundDiarrhea in newborn calves is considered life-threatening and results in large economic losses in dairy farms. Lactobacilli generally play an important role in intestinal health, and Lactobacillus (Limosilactobacillus; L.) reuteri is the dominant Lactobacillus species in the feces of healthy calves during the first week of life. In calves with diarrhea on day 2 postpartum, lactobacilli are significantly reduced even up to 24 h before the onset of clinical signs. Since the probability of occurrence of diarrheal disease decreases as the L. reuteri count in the feces increases, oral administration of this species might have a protective effect against diarrhea.ObjectiveThese studies were designed to demonstrate whether oral administration of preselected L. reuteri isolates can reduce the incidence of diarrhea in newborn calves on dairy farms.Microorganisms46 L. reuteri isolates from 2-day-old healthy calves were available from a previous study.Animals170 newborn calves of Simmental breed of 10 dairy farms in Bavaria (Germany), were included in the study; of 166 animals the data could be evaluated.MethodsMicrobiological (antibiotic sensitivity test, acid and bile salt stability test, antimicrobial activity of the supernatants), molecular biological (PCR, RAPD-PCR) and toxicological methods (MTT test) were used to select and to characterize suitable L. reuteri isolates. The administration of a suspension of two selected L. reuteri isolates (6–8 × 108 colony forming units per day) to calves was performed from day 2 to day 5 after birth in a double-blinded placebo-controlled study. Clinical monitoring of the calves continued until the 14th day of life.ResultsOut of 46 L. reuteri isolates, only 2 met the set criteria and were used in the feeding trial. In the placebo group, 44 of 83 calves developed diarrhea within the first 2 weeks of life, whereas in the L. reuteri group this was only the case in 31 of 83 animals (p < 0.05).ConclusionL. reuteri appears to be of particular importance for the intestinal health of newborn calves. The diarrhea protective effect could be even more pronounced if an improved administration regimen is developed in terms of start, frequency, and duration.

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Probiotic Lactobacilli Administration Induces Changes in the Fecal Microbiota of Preweaned Dairy Calves

Cited by 11 publications

References 70 publications

Fecal microbiota dynamics and its relationship to diarrhea and health in dairy calves

Fecal microbiota dynamics and its relationship to diarrhea and health in dairy calves

Essential oil supplementation in milk replacers: short- and long-term impacts on feed efficiency, the faecal microbiota and the plasma metabolome in dairy calves

Lactobacillus (Limosilactobacillus) reuteri: a probiotic candidate to reduce neonatal diarrhea in calves

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