Probiotic Ingestion, Obesity, and Metabolic-Related Disorders: Results from NHANES, 1999–2014

Abstract

Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been recognized as having key importance in obesity- and metabolic-related diseases. Although there is increasing evidence of the potential benefits induced by probiotics in metabolic disturbances, there is a lack of large cross-sectional studies to assess population-based prevalence of probiotic intake and metabolic diseases. Our aim was to evaluate the association of probiotic ingestion with obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. A cross-sectional study was designed using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999–2014. Probiotic ingestion was considered when a subject reported consumption of yogurt or a probiotic supplement during the 24-hour dietary recall or during the Dietary Supplement Use 30-Day questionnaire. We included 38,802 adults and 13.1% reported probiotic ingestion. The prevalence of obesity and hypertension was lower in the probiotic group (obesity-adjusted Odds Ratio (OR): 0.84, 95% CI 0.76–0.92, p < 0.001; hypertension-adjusted OR: 0.79, 95% CI 0.71–0.88, p < 0.001). Accordingly, even after analytic adjustments, body mass index (BMI) was significantly lower in the probiotic group, as were systolic and diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly higher in the probiotic group for the adjusted model. In this large-scale study, ingestion of probiotic supplements or yogurt was associated with a lower prevalence of obesity and hypertension.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Obesity (Diabesity). The Central Role of Gut Microbiota and Its Translational Applications

“…The mechanisms by which probiotics assist these processes, are their potential to modulate gut microbiota, competing in the adhesion to intestinal mucosa and epithelium, encouraging mucus production and reinforcing the intestinal barrier [ 197 ]. The establishment of effective formulas and the search for the proper dose, duration, method of administration and long-term effects, are the major challenges for clinical translation of probiotics in diabesity [ 202 ]. Nonetheless, prebiotics and probiotics represent such a promising line of research in the clinical management of this condition.…”

Regional distribution of Christensenellaceae and its associations with metabolic syndrome based on a population-level analysis

“…Specific gut microbiota, bacterial metabolic pathways and their interactions with human health are new focuses of microbiome research (Proctor, 2019), and understanding of the microbiome is intended to pave the way for future microbiological therapies (Douillard & De Vos, 2019). An increasing number of studies have reported that probiotics in the intestinal tract can maintain intestinal homeostasis by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, inhibiting the inflammatory response, and improving metabolic disorders (Lau et al, 2019;Plaza-Díaz et al, 2017;Sanders et al, 2019), thus preventing MetS and related complications.…”

An Infant Milk Formula Supplemented with Heat-Treated Probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CECT 8145, Reduces Fat Deposition in C. elegans and Augments Acetate and Lactate in a Fermented Infant Slurry

“…These findings point to a potential use of prebiotic, probiotic or symbiotic products to modify in some way the gut microbiota in individuals prone to obesity and to reduce the impact of this dysbiosis in childhood and later adulthood. Specific probiotic supplements can impinge on lower incidence of obesity and hypertension [9][10][11][12]. Other studies have also shown that specific probiotics impact on weight management in adults [10][11][12] Recent studies have shown that heat-treated bacteria release metabolites or cell components that can display functional actions, such as immunomodulation or antagonism of pathogens [13][14][15].…”