Probiont niche specialization contributes to additive protection against Vibrio owensii in spiny lobster larvae

Abstract

The development of efficient probiotic application protocols for use in marine larviculture relies on comprehensive understanding of pathogen-probiont-host interactions. The probiont combination of Pseudoalteromonas sp. PP107 and Vibrio sp. PP05 provides additive protection against vectored Vibrio owensii DY05 infection in larvae (phyllosomas) of ornate spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus. Here, fluorescently tagged strains were used to demonstrate niche specialization of these probionts in both the live feed vector organism Artemia and in phyllosomas. The pathogen was vulnerable to direct interaction with PP05 in the bacterioplankton as well as in the Artemia gut and the phyllosoma foregut and midgut gland. In contrast, PP107 was localized on external surfaces of Artemia and phyllosomas, and direct interaction with the pathogen was limited to the bacterioplankton. While PP107 was the overall dominant ectobiont on the phyllosoma cephalothorax and inner leg segments, PP05 was the primary colonizer of outer leg segments, nutrient-rich locales that may promote ingestion during feeding. This study shows that niche specialization can contribute to the additive probiotic effect of a probiotic mixture and highlights that probiotic enrichment of Artemia cultures can intercept the infection cycle of V. owensii DY05 in early-stage P. ornatus phyllosomas.

Toxicity of Bioactive and Probiotic Marine Bacteria and Their Secondary Metabolites in Artemia sp. and Caenorhabditis elegans as Eukaryotic Model Organisms

“…Pseudoalteromonas, Roseobacter, and Vibrionaceae bacteria have been suggested as probiotics in aquaculture (7)(8)(9). However, our results suggest that several Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrionaceae strains may not be suitable, since they can be toxic to Artemia sp.…”

“…These species predominantly belonged to the Actinobacteria class, the Pseudoalteromonas genus, Roseobacter clade, and the Photobacteriaceae and Vibrionaceae families (3,5,6). Due to their antagonistic activity, live cultures of bacteria from Pseudoalteromonas, Phaeobacter, Ruegeria, and Vibrio genera are not only of interest as sources of novel pharmaceuticals but also as probiotics in fish and shellfish aquaculture systems (7)(8)(9).…”

Delivering Beneficial Microorganisms for Corals: Rotifers as Carriers of Probiotic Bacteria

“…The bacteria selected to be part of the BMC consortium consisted of five strains of Pseudoalteromonas spp., one of C. marina, and one of H. taeanensis, that, as a consortium, have been used to mitigate the harmful effects of the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus in a high-temperature stress scenario (Rosado et al, 2019). Strains of Pseudoalteromonas species have been commonly observed adhering to the surfaces of eukaryotic cells (Holmström and Kjelleberg, 1999;Thomas et al, 2008;Goulden et al, 2013). For example, a probiotic strain of Pseudoalteromonas selectively attached to external surfaces of both the vector organism Artemia and lobster larvae, when introduced as part of a probiotic mixture (Goulden et al, 2013).…”

“…Strains of Pseudoalteromonas species have been commonly observed adhering to the surfaces of eukaryotic cells (Holmström and Kjelleberg, 1999;Thomas et al, 2008;Goulden et al, 2013). For example, a probiotic strain of Pseudoalteromonas selectively attached to external surfaces of both the vector organism Artemia and lobster larvae, when introduced as part of a probiotic mixture (Goulden et al, 2013). Here, a strong fluorescent signal consistent with stained bacteria was observed on the external surfaces of the rotifers, and these were potentially some of the Pseudoalteromonas spp.…”

A novel screening method for the detection of Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis, an emerging opportunistic pathogen that caused the mass mortality of juvenile Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) during a record-breaking heat wave

“…Species of Pseudoalteromonas , one of the most common bacterial genera in the marine environment, generally act as probiotics in coral (Moree et al, 2014;Muchlissin, Sabdono, & Permata, 2018;Rosado et al, 2019;Sabdono, Sawonua, Kartika, Amelia, & Radjasa, 2015;Shnit-Orland, Sivan, & Kushmaro, 2012), abalone (Offret, Jegou, Mounier, Fleury, & Le Chevalier, 2019;Offret, Rochard, et al, 2019), marine bivalves (Desriac et al, 2014;Rodrigues, Paillard, Dufour, & Bazire, 2015;Sun et al, 2016) shrimp (Amoah et al, 2019;Pham et al, 2014), lobster (Goulden, Hall, Pereg, Baillie, & Hoj, 2013), sea cucumbers (Chi et al, 2014;Zheng et al, 2012), fish (Mladineo et al, 2016;Sayes, Leyton, & Riquelme, 2016;Verner-Jeffreys, Shields, Bricknell, & Birkbeck, 2004), marine algae (Albakosh, Naidoo, Kirby, & Bauer, 2016;Nagel et al, 2012), and sea stars (Lloyd & Pespeni, 2018). Only a few reports have identifiedPseudoalteromonas species as pathogenic to marine organisms, including fish (Nelson & Ghiorse, 1999;Pujalte, Sitja-Bobadilla, Macian, Alvarez-Pellitero, & Garay, 2007), crabs (Talpur et al, 2011), algae (Goecke, Labes, Wiese, & Imhoff, 2013;Schroeder, Jaffer, & Coyne, 2003), and sea cucumbers (Liu et al, 2010).…”