Probing the nature of central objects in extreme-mass-ratio inspirals with gravitational waves

Datta, Sayak; Bose, S.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.99.084001

Cited by 61 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Absence of tidal heating leaves also a detectable imprint in EMRIs [510,511]. In that case the point-particle motion is almost geodesic, with orbital parameters evolving adiabatically because the system loses energy and angular momentum in GWs both at infinity and at the horizon.…”

Section: Tidal Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report

2019

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Very compact objects probe extreme gravitational fields and may be the key to understand outstanding puzzles in fundamental physics. These include the nature of dark matter, the fate of spacetime singularities, or the loss of unitarity in Hawking evaporation. The standard astrophysical description of collapsing objects tells us that massive, dark and compact objects are black holes. Any observation suggesting otherwise would be an indication of beyond-the-standard-model physics. Null results strengthen and quantify the Kerr black hole paradigm. The advent of gravitationalwave astronomy and precise measurements with very long baseline interferometry allow one to finally probe into such foundational issues. We overview the physics of exotic dark compact objects and their observational status, including the observational evidence for black holes with current and future experiments.

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Section: Tidal Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report

2019

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“…For a more general test of BBH nature, one might also include effects such as the tidal deformations that arise due to the object's binary companion [180][181][182] and tidal heating [183][184][185][186][187][188] along with the spin-induced deformations. The present test does not consider these effects but focuses only on spin-induced deformations.…”

Section: B Spin-induced Quadrupole Momentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tests of general relativity with binary black holes from the second LIGO-Virgo gravitational-wave transient catalog

Abbott¹,

Abbott²,

Abraham³

et al. 2021

Phys. Rev. D

507

439

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Gravitational waves enable tests of general relativity in the highly dynamical and strong-field regime. Using events detected by LIGO-Virgo up to 1 October 2019, we evaluate the consistency of the data with predictions from the theory. We first establish that residuals from the best-fit waveform are consistent with detector noise, and that the low-and high-frequency parts of the signals are in agreement. We then consider parametrized modifications to the waveform by varying post-Newtonian and phenomenological coefficients, improving past constraints by factors of ∼2; we also find consistency with Kerr black holes when we specifically target signatures of the spin-induced quadrupole moment. Looking for gravitational-wave dispersion, we tighten constraints on Lorentz-violating coefficients by a factor of ∼2.6 and bound the mass of the graviton to m g ≤ 1.76 × 10 −23 eV=c 2 with 90% credibility. We also analyze the properties of the merger remnants by measuring ringdown frequencies and damping times, constraining fractional deviations away from the Kerr frequency to δf 220 ¼ 0.03 þ0.38 −0.35 for the fundamental quadrupolar mode, and δf 221 ¼ 0.04 þ0.27 −0.32 for the first overtone; additionally, we find no evidence for postmerger echoes. Finally, we determine that our data are consistent with tensorial polarizations through a template-independent method. When possible, we assess the validity of general relativity based on collections of events analyzed jointly. We find no evidence for new physics beyond general relativity, for black hole mimickers, or for any unaccounted systematics.

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“…Tidal fields on BHs satisfy a unique bound-ary condition which picks out how a BH's spin is transferred to the orbit. Tidal heating can be responsible for thousands of radians of accumulated orbital phase [11][12][13] for extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) in the band of the future space-based Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) [14] and of evolved concepts thereof [15]. This large effect is due to the dissipative nature of BH horizons, and allows for rather exquisite tests of the nature of supermassive objects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, by losing the horizon boundary condition, it is certain that the tidal coupling of the orbit to the object will change. A high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurement should be able to determine the impact of this effect with unparalleled precision, either for EMRIs around highly-spinning supermassive objects [11,13], or for highly-spinning, supermassive binaries [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tidal heating as a discriminator for horizons in extreme mass ratio inspirals

et al. 2020

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The defining feature of a classical black hole is being a perfect absorber. Any evidence showing otherwise would indicate a departure from the standard black-hole picture. Energy and angular momentum absorption by the horizon of a black hole is responsible for tidal heating in a binary. This effect is particularly important in the latest stages of an extreme mass ratio inspiral around a spinning supermassive object, one of the main targets of the future LISA mission. We study how this effect can be used to probe the nature of supermassive objects in a model independent way. We compute the orbital dephasing and the gravitational-wave signal emitted by a point particle in circular, equatorial motion around a spinning supermassive object to the leading order in the mass ratio. Absence of absorption by the central object can affect the gravitational-wave signal dramatically, especially at high spin. This effect will make it possible to put an unparalleled upper bound on the reflectivity of exotic compact objects, at the level of O(0.01)%. This stringent bound would exclude the possibility of observing echoes in the ringdown of a supermassive binary merger.

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Probing the nature of central objects in extreme-mass-ratio inspirals with gravitational waves

Cited by 61 publications

References 83 publications

Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report

Testing the nature of dark compact objects: a status report

Tests of general relativity with binary black holes from the second LIGO-Virgo gravitational-wave transient catalog

Tidal heating as a discriminator for horizons in extreme mass ratio inspirals

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