Probing the Essential Catalytic Residues and Substrate Affinity in Thermophilic L-Arabinose Isomerase by Homology Modeling and Site-Directed Mutagenesis

Tagatose as a Potential Nutraceutical: Production, Properties, Biological Roles, and Applications

“…Different strategies of protein engineering have been employed for improving the properties of l‐ AI (Figure ). Site directed mutagenesis of l‐ AI produced by Geobacillus thermodenitrificans , Bacillus stearothermophilus , and Lactobacillus fermentum , resulted into increase of the specific activity, catalytic efficiency, substrate affinity and change of pH optima (Kim, Hong, Shin, Jo, & Oh, ; Li, Xu, Li, & Xu, ; Rhimi et al., ). Site‐directed mutagenesis study shows that the amino acid residue Lys‐269 of Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius l‐ arabinose isomerase plays a crucial role to modify the pH optima (Lee et al., ).…”

“…Protein engineering of l‐ arabinose isomerase ( l‐ AI) from different sources: GTAI‐1 from Geobacillu sthermodinitrificans (Oh, Kim, & Oh, ); GTAI‐2 from Geobacillus thermodinitrificans (Kim et al., ); GSAI‐1 from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Kim, Yoon, Seo, Oh, & Choi, ); GSAI‐2 from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Kim et al., ); AHAI from Alicyclobacillus hesperidum (Fan et al., ); SHEWAI from Shewanella sp. (Rhimi et al., ); BSAI from Bacillus stearothermophilus (Rhimi et al., ); LFAI‐1 from Lactobacillus fermentum (Xu, Li, Feng, Zhan, & Xu, ); LFAI‐2 from Lactobacillus fermentum (Li, Xu, Li, & Xu,).…”

Business Process Management System Modeling in the Virtual Enterprise Based on Stochastic Colored Petri Net

“…It is a corporation organization which achieves complementary advantages as well as quickly grasps the market opportunities by sharing risks and resources among a number of companies. A virtual enterprise is virtual in its location and technology [1] . It only retains its key department while virtualizing or omitting other departments.…”