Probing the charged state of layered positive electrodes in sodium-ion batteries: reaction pathways, stability and opportunities

Abstract

The complex behaviour of layered oxide cathode materials at high voltages currently limits the energy densities which can be achieved by sodium-ion batteries.

Research progress in O3-type phase Fe/Mn/Cu-based layered cathode materials for sodium ion batteries

“…29,30 However, O3-type cathode materials still face some challenges for application in high-performance SIBs. The diffusion path of Na + requires a high activation energy, 31 which is required for Na + to hop from the octahedral site to adjacent ones trough triangular oxygen windows in the O3-type Na x Mn 1− y − z Fe y Cu z O 2 structure 32–34 (Fig. 1c).…”

Multiphase layered transition metal oxide positive electrodes for sodium ion batteries

“…The class of insertion‐type electrode materials based on layered transition metal oxides (LTMOs) have received great attention. Numerous single phase LTMO positive electrode materials have been synthesized and their degradation mechanisms carefully studied 6,11–16 . A growing area of research for SIB positive electrodes is multiphase LTMO materials, which can possibly capture the benefits of a combination of single‐phase materials but with less susceptibility to the degradation pathways observed in single‐phase materials.…”

LiV3O8 Nanoplates Via Polyacrylamide-assisted Freeze Drying Method and as Cathode Materials for Li-ion Batteries

“…Several approaches of doping modification, surface coating, and synthesis of specific nanostructures have been deployed to achieve those issues [6]. In these modification methods, synthesis of specific nanostructures can effectively improved the cycle performance, because of the specific nanostructures electrodes provided large contact area with the electrode material/electrolyte and short ions diffusion path [7].…”