A spatiotemporal
experimental route is reported for the antisolvent
vapor diffusion crystal growth of metal halide perovskitoids. A computational
analysis combining automated image capture and diffusion modeling
enables the determination of the critical concentrations required
for nucleation and crystal growth from a single experiment. Five different
solvent systems and ten distinct organic ammonium iodide salts were
investigated with lead iodide, from which nine previously unreported
compounds were discovered. Automated image capture of the mother liquor
and antisolvent vials was used to determine changes in solution meniscus
positions and detect the nucleation event location. Matching the observations
to a numerical solution of Fick’s second law diffusion model
enables the calculation of reactant, solvent, and antisolvent concentrations
at both the time and position of the first stable nucleation and crystal
growth. A machine learning model was trained on the resulting data,
and it reveals solvent- and amine-specific crystallization tendencies.
Solvent systems that interact more weakly with dissolved lead species
promote crystallization, while those with stronger interactions can
prevent crystallization through increased solubilities. Organic amines
that interact more strongly with inorganic components and exhibit
greater rigidity are more likely to be incorporated into crystalline
products.