Probing of the Noninnocent Role of P in Transition-Metal Phosphide Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts via Replacement with Electropositive Si

Abstract

Transition-metal phosphides (TMP) have been identified as promising electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Despite recent computational investigations identifying P sites as being crucial for hydrogen adsorption, the main mode of optimization for TMPs has been focused on changing the metal sites. To experimentally verify computational hypotheses and provide a route for HER electrocatalyst optimization via ternary compounds, we performed systematic experimental studies of structurally related NiSi1–x P x phases, namely, Ni2SiP, Ni5Si2P3, Ni3SiP2, and Ni7Si2P5, which are ordered derivatives of the NiSi structure (Pnma, oP-8, MnP structure type). We found that P played a significant role in modulating HER activity in an acidic electrolyte because the incorporation of P in NiSi reduced the overpotential at current density j = 10 mA/cm2 from η10 = 529 mV (NiSi) to η10 = 97 mV (Ni2SiP). Ni2SiP outperformed the current state-of-the-art Ni5P4 electrocatalyst prepared and studied in identical conditions both in terms of activity and stability, which is attributed to the presence of covalent Ni–Si bonding in the structure. Within the family of ternary Ni–Si–P compounds, electrocatalytic activity correlates with the number of Ni-3d states at the Fermi energy.

Enhancing Properties with Distortion: A Comparative Study of Two Iron Phosphide Fe2P Polymorphs

“…There are not many reports on the effect of DOS at E F for catalyst activity, but we hypothesize that the increment of electron carriers may contribute to facile HER kinetics. In our previous study of ternary NiSi 1– x P x catalysts, Ni 2 SiP, which had a higher DOS at E F than other P-rich Ni–Si–P compounds, was found to be the most efficient HER catalyst . Finally, as shown in the COHP results (Figure ), the positive slope of bonding state pCOHP curves at E F for o -Fe 2 P may indicate the possibility of enhanced Fe orbital overlap with hydrogen.…”