Probing of complex carbon nanofiber paper as gas-diffusion electrode for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Пономарев, И. И.; Skupov, Kirill M.; Naumkin, A. V.; Zhigalina, V. G.; Razorenov, D. Yu.; Пономарев, И. И.; Volkova, Yulia A.

doi:10.1039/c8ra07177b

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The industrial high-molecular ( M w 150 kDa) polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was used for carbon nanofiber paper fabrication. 100 g of 7% wt DMF solution of PAN polymer and 0.57 g of carbon black Vulcan® XC72 were sonicated in an ultrasonic bath at 50 °C for 4 h. A solution of 0.35 g nickel( ii ) acetate tetrahydrate (Ni(OAc) 2 ·4H 2 O) in 2 mL of DMF was mixed with 0.018 g zirconium( iv ) chloride (ZrCl 4 ) in 1 mL of DMF, then, sonicated in ultrasonic bath at 50 °C to introduce Zr and Ni into final carbonized material (potentially, as a rule, Ni 0 helps graphitization during pyrolysis step, 25 and ZrO x is prone to improve proton conductivity due to zirconium hydrophosphate formation during fuel cell operation time 29 ). A process of the electrospinning was conducted using Elmarco Nanospider™ NS LAB (Czech Republic).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 21–23 Then, microporous CNFs are obtained after carbonization (pyrolysis). 24 Earlier, we have shown that electrospun CNFs (PAN, or polyheteroarylene based) 25–28 are suitable for being a support for Pt nanoparticle electrocatalyst in polymer membrane fuel cell tests 29–34 with a shown possible use of polybenzimidazole-type 33,35 and other polyheteroarylene 36,37 membranes for fuel cells. Our approach allows to uniformly introduce Ni 0 and ZrO x into carbon nanofibers using electrospinning method, which is important for electrochemical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and thermal treatment influence on Pt-decorated electrospun carbon nanofiber electrocatalysts

et al. 2019

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Crystalline platinum nanoparticles supported on carbon nanofibers were synthesized for use as an electrocatalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. The nanofibers were prepared by a method of electrospinning from polymer solution with subsequent pyrolysis. Pt nanoneedles supported on polyacrylonitrile pyrolyzed electrospun nanofibers were synthesized by chemical reduction of H 2 [PtCl 6 ] in aqueous solution. The synthesized electrocatalysts were investigated using scanning, high resolution transmission and scanning transmission electron microscopies, EDX analysis and electron diffraction. The shape and the size of the electrocatalyst crystal Pt nanoparticles were controled and found to depend on the method of H 2 [PtCl 6 ] reduction type and on conditions of subsequent thermal treatment. Soft Pt reduction by formic acid followed by 100 C thermal treatment produced needle-shape Pt nanoparticles with a needle length up to 25 nm and diameter up to 5 nm. Thermal treatment of these nanoparticles at 500 C resulted in partial sintering of the Pt needles. When formic acid was added after 24 h from the beginning of platinization, Pt reduction resulted in small-size spherical Pt nanoparticle of less than 10 nm in diameter. Reduction of H 2 [PtCl 6 ], preadsorbed on electrospun nanofibers in formic acid with further treatment in H 2 flow at 500 C, resulted in intensive sintering of platinum particles, with formation of conglomerates of 50 nm in size, however, individual particles still retain a size of less than 10 nm.Electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of Pt/C catalyst was measured by electrochemical hydrogen adsorption/desorption measurements in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 . ECSA of needle-shape Pt nanoparticles was 25 m 2 g À1 . It increased up to 31 m 2 g À1 after thermal treatment at 500 C, likely, due to amorphous structures removal from carbon nanofibers and retaining of Pt nanoneedle morphology. ECSA of small-size spherical Pt nanoparticles was 26 m 2 g À1 . Further thermal treatment at 500 C in vacuum decreased ECSA down to 20 m 2 g À1 due to Pt sintering and Pt active sites deactivation. The thermal treatment of small-size spherical Pt nanoparticles in H 2 flow at 500 C produced agglomerates of Pt nanoparticles with ECSA of 14 m 2 g À1 .

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and thermal treatment influence on Pt-decorated electrospun carbon nanofiber electrocatalysts

et al. 2019

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“…Also, further optimization can be achieved by improving the control of the morphology and distribution of ionomers, especially in terms of ionomer bridges and connectivity. On the other hand, Ponomarev et al prepared a complex carbon nanofiber paper by electrospinning PAN with integrated Zr and Ni, followed by further pyrolysis to use it for the high-temperature (HT)-proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) [131]. They confirmed that the use of the carbon nanofiber platinum support obtained leads to a higher fuel cell efficiency comparable to the Celtec ® P1000, which is one of the best commercial electrodes.…”

Section: Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers from Biomass and Biomass Blends—Current Trends

et al. 2021

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In recent years, ecological issues have led to the search for new green materials from biomass as precursors for producing carbon materials (CNFs). Such green materials are more attractive than traditional petroleum-based materials, which are environmentally harmful and non-biodegradable. Biomass could be ideal precursors for nanofibers since they stem from renewable sources and are low-cost. Recently, many authors have focused intensively on nanofibers’ production from biomass using microwave-assisted pyrolysis, hydrothermal treatment, ultrasonication method, but only a few on electrospinning methods. Moreover, still few studies deal with the production of electrospun carbon nanofibers from biomass. This review focuses on the new developments and trends of electrospun carbon nanofibers from biomass and aims to fill this research gap. The review is focusing on recollecting the most recent investigations about the preparation of carbon nanofiber from biomass and biopolymers as precursors using electrospinning as the manufacturing method, and the most important applications, such as energy storage that include fuel cells, electrochemical batteries and supercapacitors, as well as wastewater treatment, CO2 capture, and medicine.

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“…Earlier we have shown [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ], that platinized highly macroporous CNF self-supporting mats, which were obtained by the method of electrospinning (ES) from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer solution [ 38 , 39 ] with further stabilization in air, pyrolysis under vacuum [ 40 ], and platination in hexachloroplatinic acid solution, can be successfully used in HT-PEMFC as gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), both on cathode and anode sides. Thus, polybenzimidazole membrane PBI-OPht was developed in our group for this purpose [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, polybenzimidazole membrane PBI-OPht was developed in our group for this purpose [ 41 , 42 ]. Initial addition of metal (Zr, Ni) salts into electrospinning polymer dopes allows to reach a uniform distribution of metals in the whole nanofiber, either in metal or oxide form [ 30 ]. Particularly, we have shown that GDEs based on self-supporting carbon nanofiber materials, such as Pt/CNF/ZrO x /Ni composites, possess high catalytic properties and electrochemical stability when tested in HT-PEMFC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Carbon Nanofiber Composite Materials Containing Lanthanides and Transition Metals Based on Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile for High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Cathodes

et al. 2020

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Electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile/DMF dopes containing salts of nickel, cobalt, zirconium, cerium, gadolinium, and samarium, makes it possible to obtain precursor nanofiber mats which can be subsequently converted into carbon nanofiber (CNF) composites by pyrolysis at 1000–1200 °C. Inorganic additives were found to be uniformly distributed in CNFs. Metal states were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). According to XPS in CNF/Zr/Ni/Gd composites pyrolyzed at 1000 °C, nickel exists as Ni0 and as Ni2+, gadolinium as Gd3+, and zirconium as Zr4+. If CNF/Zr/Ni/Gd is pyrolyzed at 1200 °C, nickel exists only as Ni0. For CNF/Sm/Co composite, samarium is in Sm3+ form when cobalt is not found on a surface. For CNF/Zr/Ni/Ce composite, cerium exists both as Ce4+ and as Ce3+. Composite CNF mats were platinized and tested as cathodes in high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC). Such approach allows to introduce Pt–M and Pt–MOx into CNF, which are more durable compared to carbon black under HT-PEMFC operation. For CNF/Zr/Ni/Gd composite cathode, higher performance in the HT-PEMFC at I >1.2 A cm-2 is achieved due to elimination of mass transfer losses in gas-diffusion electrode compared to commercial Celtec®P1000.

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Probing of complex carbon nanofiber paper as gas-diffusion electrode for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Abstract: Complex composite carbon nanofiber fuel cell electrode shows advantages compared to non-composite and less durable commercial carbon black ones.

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

Preparation and thermal treatment influence on Pt-decorated electrospun carbon nanofiber electrocatalysts

Preparation and thermal treatment influence on Pt-decorated electrospun carbon nanofiber electrocatalysts

Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers from Biomass and Biomass Blends—Current Trends

New Carbon Nanofiber Composite Materials Containing Lanthanides and Transition Metals Based on Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile for High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Cathodes

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