Probing neural circuitry and function with electrical microstimulation

Clark, Kelsey; Armstrong, Katherine M.; Moore, Tirin

doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2211

Cited by 61 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…These effects are indistinguishable from those that occur during voluntary shifts of spatial attention (Armstrong and Moore, 2007). Consequently, electrical microstimulation of the FEF has been used routinely in monkeys to evoke space-specific endogenous influences (Clark et al, 2011). In owls, the arcopallial gaze field (AGF) shares functional and anatomical characteristics with the primate FEF: electrical microstimulation of the AGF evokes saccadic changes in gaze direction (Bruce et al, 1985; Knudsen et al, 1995); sub-saccadic electrical microstimulation causes space-specific modulation of sensory neural responsiveness (Moore and Armstrong, 2003; Winkowski and Knudsen, 2006); the AGF plays a necessary role in working memory-dependent gaze control (Dias and Segraves, 1999; Knudsen and Knudsen, 1996); and it exhibits similar patterns of anatomical projections to sensorimotor and premotor structures, including direct projections to the OTid/SCid (Knudsen et al, 1995; Stanton et al, 1988).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descending Control of Neural Bias and Selectivity in a Spatial Attention Network: Rules and Mechanisms

Mysore

Knudsen

2014

Neuron

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SUMMARY The brain integrates stimulus-driven (exogenous) activity with internally generated (endogenous) activity to compute the highest priority stimulus for gaze and attention. Little is known about how this computation is accomplished neurally. We explored the underlying functional logic in a critical component of the spatial attention network, the optic tectum (OT, superior colliculus in mammals), in awake barn owls. We found that space-specific endogenous influences, evoked by activating descending forebrain pathways, bias competition among exogenous influences, and substantially enhance the quality of the categorical neural pointer to the highest priority stimulus. These endogenous influences operate across sensory modalities. Biologically grounded modeling revealed that the observed effects on network bias and selectivity require a simple circuit mechanism: endogenously driven gain modulation of feedback inhibition among competing channels. Our findings reveal fundamental principles by which internal and external information combine to guide selection of the next target for gaze and attention.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Descending Control of Neural Bias and Selectivity in a Spatial Attention Network: Rules and Mechanisms

Mysore

Knudsen

2014

Neuron

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“…These findings were later extended to humans, where electrical stimulation of different cortical regions yielded sensations and movements [2]. The later development of intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) [3][4][5], a technique in which trains of short (100-200 ms) constant electrical pulses of small current intensities (1-100 mA) are delivered extracellularly via a microelectrode at rates of tens to hundreds of Hertz, enabled a more reliable activation of localized populations of neurons and directly influenced sensory perception [6][7][8], movement [3,[9][10][11] and cognition [12 -14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What single-cell stimulation has told us about neural coding

Doron

Brecht

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 15 to a theme issue 'Controlling brain activity to alter perception, behaviour and society'. In recent years, single-cell stimulation experiments have resulted in substantial progress towards directly linking single-cell activity to movement and sensation. Recent advances in electrical recording and stimulation techniques have enabled control of single neuron spiking in vivo and have contributed to our understanding of neuronal coding schemes in the brain. Here, we review single neuron stimulation effects in different brain structures and how they vary with artificially inserted spike patterns. We briefly compare single neuron stimulation with other brain stimulation techniques. A key advantage of single neuron stimulation is the precise control of the evoked spiking patterns. Systematically varying spike patterns and measuring evoked movements and sensations enables 'decoding' of the single-cell spike patterns and provides insights into the readout mechanisms of sensory and motor cortical spikes.

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“…Electrical stimulation has since become ubiquitous for research applications such as mapping cortical regions associated with behavioral outputs and uncovering cortical processing mechanisms [2][3][4][5][6]. Additionally, in vitro studies to investigate the input-output relationship of stimulus-evoked neuronal activity can provide access to the instantaneous response probability of a neuron [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed-Loop Characterization of Neuronal Activation Using Electrical Stimulation and Optical Imaging

et al. 2017

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Abstract:We have developed a closed-loop, high-throughput system that applies electrical stimulation and optical recording to facilitate the rapid characterization of extracellular, stimulus-evoked neuronal activity. In our system, a microelectrode array delivers current pulses to a dissociated neuronal culture treated with a calcium-sensitive fluorescent dye; automated real-time image processing of high-speed digital video identifies the neuronal response; and an optimized search routine alters the applied stimulus to achieve a targeted response. Action potentials are detected by measuring the post-stimulus, calcium-sensitive fluorescence at the neuronal somata. The system controller performs directed searches within the strength-duration (SD) stimulus-parameter space to build probabilistic neuronal activation curves. This closed-loop system reduces the number of stimuli needed to estimate the activation curves when compared to the more commonly used open-loop approach. This reduction allows the closed-loop system to probe the stimulus regions of interest in the multi-parameter waveform space with increased resolution. A sigmoid model was fit to the stimulus-evoked activation data in both current (strength) and pulse width (duration) parameter slices through the waveform space. The two-dimensional analysis results in a set of probability isoclines corresponding to each neuron-electrode pair. An SD threshold model was then fit to the isocline data. We demonstrate that a closed-loop methodology applied to our imaging and micro-stimulation system enables the study of neuronal excitation across a large parameter space.

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Probing neural circuitry and function with electrical microstimulation

Cited by 61 publications

References 85 publications

Descending Control of Neural Bias and Selectivity in a Spatial Attention Network: Rules and Mechanisms

Descending Control of Neural Bias and Selectivity in a Spatial Attention Network: Rules and Mechanisms

What single-cell stimulation has told us about neural coding

Closed-Loop Characterization of Neuronal Activation Using Electrical Stimulation and Optical Imaging

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