Probing image potential states on the surface of the topological semimetal antimony

Ge, Jian-Feng; Zhang, Haimei; He, Yang; Zhu, Zheng; Yam, Yau Chuen; Chen, Pengcheng; Hoffman, Jennifer

doi:10.1103/physrevb.101.035152

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Sometimes the oscillations of the differential conductance dI/dU as a function of U conditioned by resonant tunneling via the modified surface states are referred to as the Gundlach oscillations or field-emission resonances (FERs). The FERs were experimentally studied for atomically flat surfaces [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]; and for various nanostructured objects on top of flat surfaces [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. In particular, the analysis of the spectra of the FERs allows to estimate the local work function [29][30][31][32][33][34][43][44][45] and to probe the profile of surface potential [46,47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Emission Resonances in Thin Metallic Films: Nonexponential Decrease of the Tunneling Current as a Function of the Sample-to-Tip Distance

Aladyshkin

Schouteden

2022

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Field-emission resonances (FERs) for two-dimensional Pb(111) islands grown on Si(111)7×7 surfaces were studied by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) in a broad range of tunneling conditions with both an active and disabled feedback loop. These FERs exist at quantized sample-to-tip distances Z n above the sample surface, where n is the serial number of the FER state. By recording the trajectory of the STM tip during ramping of the bias voltage U (while keeping the tunneling current I fixed), we obtain the set of the Z n values corresponding to local maxima in the derived dZ/ dU(U) spectra. This way, the continuous evolution of Z n as a function of U for all FERs was investigated by STS experiments with an active feedback loop for different I. Complementing these measurements by current−distance spectroscopy at a fixed U, we could construct a 4-dimensional I−U−Z−dZ/dU diagram that allows us to investigate the geometric localization of the FERs above the surface. We demonstrate (i) that the difference δZ n = Z n+1 − Z n between neighboring FER lines in the Z−U diagram is independent of n for higher resonances; (ii) that the δZ n value decreases as U increases; (iii) that the quantized FER states lead to the periodic variations of ln I as a function of Z with periodicity δZ; and (iv) that the periodic variations in the ln I−Z spectra allow an estimation of the absolute height of the tip above the sample surface. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding on how the FER states affect various types of tunneling spectroscopy experiments and how they lead to a nonexponential decay of the tunneling current as a function of Z at high bias voltages in the regime of quantized electron emission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Emission Resonances in Thin Metallic Films: Nonexponential Decrease of the Tunneling Current as a Function of the Sample-to-Tip Distance

Aladyshkin

Schouteden

2022

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…Они проявляются экспериментально в резонансах туннельного тока [2] и спектрах фотоэмиссии [3][4][5][6]. Связанные локализованные приповерхностные состояния могут модифицировать отклик наносистемы на внешнее воздействие, вследствие чего развитие наноструктурных исследований стимулирует учет влияния состояния электронов, связанных потенциалом изображения, на различные поверхностные эффекты [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Плотность Энергетического Спектра Электрона В Поле Изображения И Запирающем Электрическом Поле

Drobyshev¹,

Головинский²,

Preobrazhenskii³

2021

Оптика И Спектроскопия

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In the semiclassical approximation, the density of the electron energy spectrum near the metal surface is described, when electron is bound by the image field and the blocking electrostatic field. In the system under consideration, the confinement mechanism is realized, and the energy spectrum for the motion of an electron in the direction perpendicular to the metal surface is completely discrete. The density of states of the energy spectrum is expressed in terms of elliptic integrals, the argument of which is a sigmoidal function. When the field is turned off, it becomes the Heaviside step function. A dimensionless energy parameter is introduced, which determines the intervals with qualitatively different changes in the width of the classically accessible region of motion. For large positive values of the energy parameter, the spectrum density asymptotically tends to the density in the triangular potential with the addition of the Coulomb logarithmic correction, and for negative values of the energy parameter, the spectrum density tends to dependence for a one-dimensional Coulomb potential. Approximate expressions are obtained for the spectrum density in terms of elementary functions in a wide range of electron energies and electric field strength.

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“…Sometimes the resulting oscillations of the differential conductance dI/dU as a function of U are referred to as the Gundlach oscillations. The field emission resonances attributed with the resonant tunnelling through the quasistationary modified IPS were experimentally studied for the following atomically flat surfaces: Au(110) [22], Ni(100) [23], surface of diamond C(100) 2 × 1 [24], Cu(100) [25], Mo(110) [26], Ag(100) and Fe(110) [27], Fe(110) [28], graphene [29], InAs(111) [30], topological semimetal Sb(111) [31]; and for nanostructured objects on top of flat surfaces: FeO islands on Pt(111) [32], molecules of benzene on Cu(111) [33], NaCl islands on Ag(100) [34,35], Ag islands on Au(111), Cu(111) and Co islands on Cu(111) [36], Na islands on Cu(111) [37], Pb islands on Cu(111) and Ag(111) [38,39] with theoretical interpretation [40], Co islands on Au(111) [41], surface defects like stacking-fault tetrahedrons on Ag(111) [42], carbon nanotubes on Au(111) [43], graphene islands on Ir(111) [44], and others. In particular, the analysis of the spectra of the IPS resonances allows to estimation the local work function, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum-well and modified image-potential states in thin Pb(111) films: an estimate for the local work function

Aladyshkin

2020

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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Quantum-confined electronic states such as quantum-well states (QWS) inside thin Pb(111) films and modified image-potential states (IPS) above the Pb(111) films grown on Si(111)7×7 substrate were studied by means of low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) in the regime of constant current I. By plotting the position of the n−th emission resonances U n versus n 2/3 and extrapolating the linear fit for the dependence U n (n 2/3 ) in the high-n limit towards n = 0, we estimate the local work function for the Pb(111) film: W 3.8 ± 0.1 eV. We experimentally demonstrate that modifications of the shape of the STM tip can change the number of the emission peaks associated with the resonant tunnelling via quantized IPS levels for the same Pb terrace; however it does not affect the estimate of the local work function for the flat Pb terraces. We observe that the maxima in the spectra of the differential tunnelling conductance dI/dU related to both the QWS and the modified IPS resonances are less pronounced if the STM tip becomes more blunt.

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Probing image potential states on the surface of the topological semimetal antimony

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Field-Emission Resonances in Thin Metallic Films: Nonexponential Decrease of the Tunneling Current as a Function of the Sample-to-Tip Distance

Field-Emission Resonances in Thin Metallic Films: Nonexponential Decrease of the Tunneling Current as a Function of the Sample-to-Tip Distance

Плотность Энергетического Спектра Электрона В Поле Изображения И Запирающем Электрическом Поле

Quantum-well and modified image-potential states in thin Pb(111) films: an estimate for the local work function

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