Probing gravitational parity violation with gravitational waves from stellar-mass black hole binaries

Yagi, Kent; Yang, Huan

doi:10.1103/physrevd.97.104018

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Can GW observations place stronger bounds on the theory? Current GW observations do not allow us to put any meaningful bounds on dCS gravity [82] (see also [87]). However, future observations have potential to place bounds on the theory that are six to seven orders of magnitude stronger than current bounds [98].…”

Section: Dynamical Chern-simons Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of previous literature focused on deriving phase corrections since matched filtering is more sensitive to such phase corrections than to amplitude corrections. Having said this, there are situations where amplitude corrections are more useful to probe, such as amplitude birefringence in parity-violating theories of gravity [84][85][86][87] and testing GR with astrophysical stochastic GW backgrounds [88]. We first derive PPE amplitude and phase corrections in terms of generic modifications to the frequency evolution and Kepler's third law that determine the waveform in Fourier domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parametrized post-Einsteinian gravitational waveforms in various modified theories of gravity

Tahura

Yagi

2018

Phys. Rev. D

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Despite the tremendous success of general relativity so far, modified theories of gravity have received increased attention lately, motivated from both theoretical and observational aspects. In particular, gravitational wave observations opened new possibilities for testing the viability of such theories in the dynamical and strong-field regime. One could test each modified theory of gravity against observed data one at a time, though perhaps a more efficient approach would be to first probe gravity in a theory-agnostic way and map such information to that on specific theories afterwards. One example of such model-independent tests of gravity with gravitational waves is the parameterized post-Einsteinian formalism, where one introduces generic parameters in the amplitude and phase that capture non-Einsteinian effects. In this paper, we derive gravitational waveforms from inspiraling compact binaries in various modified theories of gravity that violate at least one fundamental pillar in general relativity, such as the strong equivalence principle, Lorentz and parity invariance and commutativity of spacetime. We achieve this by first deriving relations between corrections to the waveform amplitude/phase and those to the frequency evolution and Kepler's third law, since the latter two have already been (or can easily be) derived in several example modified theories of gravity. In particular, such an analysis allows us to derive corrections to the waveform amplitude, which extends many of previous works that focused on deriving phase corrections only. Moreover, we derive modified gravitational waveforms in theories with varying gravitational constant. In particular, we extend the previous work by introducing two different gravitational constants (the conservative one entering in the binding energy and the dissipative one entering in the gravitational wave luminosity), and allowing masses of binary constituents to also vary with time. We also correct some errors in previous literature. Our results can be used to improve current analyses of testing general relativity with available gravitational wave data, as well as to achieve new projected constraints on various modified theories of gravity with future gravitational wave observations. 1 PPE waveforms due to modifications in the propagation sector can be found in [82,93,94], which have been used for GW150914, GW151226 [82] and GW170104 [56] to constrain the mass of the graviton and Lorentz violation.

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Section: Dynamical Chern-simons Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametrized post-Einsteinian gravitational waveforms in various modified theories of gravity

Tahura

Yagi

2018

Phys. Rev. D

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“…Many of the previous studies on tests of GR with GWs focused only on the phase corrections, though scenarios where amplitude corrections bear importance are not uncommon. In some parity-violating theories, one of the circularly-polarized modes is amplified while the other one is suppressed, an effect called amplitude birefrigence [35][36][37][38]. Such an effect enters only in the GW amplitude of circularly-polarized modes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing gravity with gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers: Contributions from amplitude corrections

2019

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The detection of gravitational waves has offered us the opportunity to explore the dynamical and strong-field regime of gravity. Because matched filtering is more sensitive to variations in the gravitational waveform phase than the amplitude, many tests of gravity with gravitational waves have been carried out using only the former. Such studies cannot probe the non-Einsteinian effects that may enter only in the amplitude. Besides, if not accommodated in the waveform template, a non-Einsteinian effect in the amplitude may induce systematic errors on other parameters such as the luminosity distance. In this paper, we derive constraints on a few modified theories of gravity (Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, scalar-tensor theories, and varying-G theories), incorporating both phase and amplitude corrections. We follow the model-independent approach of the parametrized post-Einsteinian formalism. We perform Fisher analyses with Monte-Carlo simulations using the LIGO/Virgo posterior samples. We find that the contributions from amplitude corrections can be comparable to the ones from the phase corrections in case of massive binaries like GW150914. Also, constraints derived by incorporating both phase and amplitude corrections differ from the ones with phase corrections only by 4% at most, which supports many of the previous studies that only considered corrections in the phase. We further derive reliable constraints on the time-evolution of a scalar field in a scalar-tensor theory for the first time with gravitational waves.

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“…[28,29], allowing one to "stack" multiple events and further improve our estimated constraints. In addition, modified theories of gravity that alter the GW amplitude rather than the phase may be considered [55][56][57][58]. We conclude by referring the readers to the upcoming work [59] with a more detailed discussion of our analysis presented here with a comprehensive list of future bounds on modified theories of gravity with multi-band GW astronomy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multi-band gravitational wave tests of general relativity

Carson

Yagi

2019

Class. Quantum Grav.

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The violent collisions of black holes provide for excellent test-beds of Einstein's general relativity in the strong/dynamical gravity regime. We here demonstrate the resolving power one can gain upon the use of multi-band observations of gravitational waves from both ground-and space-based detectors. We find significant improvement in both generic parameterized tests of general relativity and consistency tests of inspiral-merger-ringdown parts of the waveform over single-band detections. Such multi-band observations are crucial for unprecedented probes of e.g. parity-violation in gravity.

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Probing gravitational parity violation with gravitational waves from stellar-mass black hole binaries

Abstract: 2 Other ways to break gravitational parity includes a model in which the right-and left-handed GWs couple to different gravitational constants [29]. 3 See [40] for an alternative approach to cure pathologies in the theory.

Cited by 47 publications

References 111 publications

Parametrized post-Einsteinian gravitational waveforms in various modified theories of gravity

Parametrized post-Einsteinian gravitational waveforms in various modified theories of gravity

Testing gravity with gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers: Contributions from amplitude corrections

Multi-band gravitational wave tests of general relativity

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