Probing 3D Magnetic Fields Using Thermal Dust Polarization and Grain Alignment Theory
Thiem Hoang,
Bao Truong
Abstract:Magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the Universe and are thought to play an important role in various astrophysical processes. Polarization of thermal emission from dust grains aligned with the magnetic field is widely used to measure the 2D magnetic field projected onto the plane of the sky, but its component along the line of sight is not yet constrained. Here, we introduce a new method to infer 3D magnetic fields using thermal dust polarization and grain alignment physics. We first develop a physical model of… Show more
We have mapped the magnetic field (B-field) for a region of about 30 pc around the centre of our Galaxy, which encompasses the circumnuclear disc (CND), the minispiral, and the 20 and 50 km s−1 molecular clouds, using thermal dust polarization observations obtained from SOFIA/HAWC+ and JCMT/SCUPOL. We decompose the spectra of 12CO (J = 3 → 2) transition from this region into individual cloud components and find the polarization observed at different wavelengths might be tracing completely different layers of dust along the line of sight. We use modified Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi methods to measure the strength of B-field projected in the plane of the sky ($B_{{}_{\mathrm{POS}}}$). The mean $B_{{}_{\mathrm{POS}}}$ of the CND and the minispiral, probed at 53 μm is of the order of ∼2 mG. $B_{{}_{\mathrm{POS}}}\!\!\!\lt \!1$ mG close to the Galactic Centre, in the region of the ionized mini-cavity within the CND, and increases outwards. However, the longer wavelength polarization at 216 μm appears to come from a dust layer that is cooler and behind the CND and has a stronger B-field of about 7 mG. The B-field strength is lowest along the Eastern Arm of the minispiral, which is also the only region with Alfvén Mach number, $\mathcal {M}_{\mathrm{A}}\gt 1$ and mass-to-flux ratio, λ ≳ 1. Such an observed weak B-field could be a result of the low resolution of the observation, where the tangled B-fields due to the strong turbulence in the high density clumps of the CND are lost within the beam size of the observation.
We have mapped the magnetic field (B-field) for a region of about 30 pc around the centre of our Galaxy, which encompasses the circumnuclear disc (CND), the minispiral, and the 20 and 50 km s−1 molecular clouds, using thermal dust polarization observations obtained from SOFIA/HAWC+ and JCMT/SCUPOL. We decompose the spectra of 12CO (J = 3 → 2) transition from this region into individual cloud components and find the polarization observed at different wavelengths might be tracing completely different layers of dust along the line of sight. We use modified Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi methods to measure the strength of B-field projected in the plane of the sky ($B_{{}_{\mathrm{POS}}}$). The mean $B_{{}_{\mathrm{POS}}}$ of the CND and the minispiral, probed at 53 μm is of the order of ∼2 mG. $B_{{}_{\mathrm{POS}}}\!\!\!\lt \!1$ mG close to the Galactic Centre, in the region of the ionized mini-cavity within the CND, and increases outwards. However, the longer wavelength polarization at 216 μm appears to come from a dust layer that is cooler and behind the CND and has a stronger B-field of about 7 mG. The B-field strength is lowest along the Eastern Arm of the minispiral, which is also the only region with Alfvén Mach number, $\mathcal {M}_{\mathrm{A}}\gt 1$ and mass-to-flux ratio, λ ≳ 1. Such an observed weak B-field could be a result of the low resolution of the observation, where the tangled B-fields due to the strong turbulence in the high density clumps of the CND are lost within the beam size of the observation.
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