Probe measurement of an ECR hydrogen plasma facing the C12A7 electride surface

Abstract

Plasma parameters of an ECR discharge excited in a compact ion source with a replaceable plasma electrode (PE) were measured with a Langmuir probe. The PE was installed to investigate how an electride PE changes the plasma parameters from those with a Mo PE. The effect upon the plasma parameters in front of the PE due to the material will be elucidated by changing the probe position axially along the beam extraction direction. Analyses of the measured probe characteristics revealed that electride PE has a higher electron density (ne) and lower electron temperature (Te) than the Mo PE. When the PE was biased negatively, the ratio of the positive saturation current (Ii ) to the negative saturation current (Ie +Ih- ) for the electride PE was about 1.6 times of the ratio for the Mo PE.

Fabrication and electron emission of [Ca24Al24.08Zr3.92O64]4+(4e−) electrides

“…In recent years, related scholars have conducted research on [Ca 24 Al 24.08 Zr 3.92 O 64 ] 4+ (4e − ) in catalytic reactions and electron emission 1–20 . Some scholars found [Ca 24 Al 24.08 Zr 3.92 O 64 ] 4+ (4e − ) has an extremely low intrinsic work function (∼2.4 eV), and the value is lower than the noble metal Ru (∼4.7 eV) 2,4,34 .…”

“…), active metal sealing reduction (Ca, Ti, etc.). [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] These methods require the fabrication of insulated Ca 24 Al 24.08 Zr 3.92 O 66 , followed by electron injection and storage in the insulator through long-term (tens of hours) reduction reactions. 7,9,10 This makes the synthesis of samples cumbersome and time-consuming.…”

“…This results in a gradient distribution of the electrical properties. In summary, the existing fabrication method of [Ca 24 Al 24.08 Zr 3.92 O 64 ] 4+ (4e − ) has complicated steps, a long period, and limited electron density 7–15,21 . This greatly limits its further research in catalytic reactions, thermoelectric conversion, and electron emission.…”

“…[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] In recent years, related scholars have conducted research on [Ca 24 Al 24.08 Zr 3.92 O 64 ] 4+ (4e − ) in catalytic reactions and electron emission. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Some scholars found [Ca 24 Al 24.08 Zr 3.92 O 64 ] 4+ (4e − ) has an extremely low intrinsic work function (∼2.4 eV), and the value is lower than the noble metal Ru (∼4.7 eV). 2,4,34 Subsequently, it is used as a support for the Ru catalyst, and electrons lost in the Ru-catalyzed reaction can be replenished from the [Ca 24 Al 24.08 Zr 3.92 O 64 ] 4+ (4e − ).…”

“…In summary, the existing fabrication method of [Ca 24 Al 24.08 Zr 3.92 O 64 ] 4+ (4e − ) has complicated steps, a long period, and limited electron density. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]21…”