ProbaStem, a pipeline towards the first high-resolution probabilistic atlas of the whole human brainstem

Mohammadi, Mohammad Seyyed; Planty-Bonjour, Alexia; Poupon, Fabrice; Uszynski, Ivy; Poupon, Cyril; Destrieux, Christophe; Andersson, Frédéric

doi:10.1007/s00429-023-02726-8

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 43 publications

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“…Fractionation of dAAN circuits will require future functional brain mapping studies, just as fractionation of DMN circuits was performed in the years after the DMN’s discovery ( 91 , 92 ). Given the limitations of the present work, we believe that the anatomic resources provided here will be most useful if integrated with complementary neuroimaging and immunohistochemical atlases of the human brainstem ( 93 – 96 ). Together, these resources provide a foundation for filling the resolution gap between the mesoscale connectome and microscale synaptome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal MRI reveals brainstem connections that sustain wakefulness in human consciousness

Edlow,

Olchanyi,

Freeman

et al. 2024

Sci. Transl. Med.

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Consciousness is composed of arousal (i.e., wakefulness) and awareness. Substantial progress has been made in mapping the cortical networks that underlie awareness in the human brain, but knowledge about the subcortical networks that sustain arousal in humans is incomplete. Here, we aimed to map the connectivity of a proposed subcortical arousal network that sustains wakefulness in the human brain, analogous to the cortical default mode network (DMN) that has been shown to contribute to awareness. We integrated data from ex vivo diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of three human brains, obtained at autopsy from neurologically normal individuals, with immunohistochemical staining of subcortical brain sections. We identified nodes of the proposed default ascending arousal network (dAAN) in the brainstem, hypothalamus, thalamus, and basal forebrain. Deterministic and probabilistic tractography analyses of the ex vivo diffusion MRI data revealed projection, association, and commissural pathways linking dAAN nodes with one another and with DMN nodes. Complementary analyses of in vivo 7-tesla resting-state functional MRI data from the Human Connectome Project identified the dopaminergic ventral tegmental area in the midbrain as a widely connected hub node at the nexus of the subcortical arousal and cortical awareness networks. Our network-based autopsy methods and connectivity data provide a putative neuroanatomic architecture for the integration of arousal and awareness in human consciousness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal MRI reveals brainstem connections that sustain wakefulness in human consciousness

Edlow,

Olchanyi,

Freeman

et al. 2024

Sci. Transl. Med.

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Advances in functional and structural imaging of the brainstem: implications for disease

Cai,

Wang,

McKeown

2024

Current Opinion in Neurology

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Purpose of review The brainstem's complex anatomy and relatively small size means that structural and functional assessment of this structure is done less frequently compared to other brain areas. However, recent years have seen substantial progress in brainstem imaging, enabling more detailed investigations into its structure and function, as well as its role in neuropathology. Recent findings Advancements in ultrahigh field MRI technology have allowed for unprecedented spatial resolution in brainstem imaging, facilitating the new creation of detailed brainstem-specific atlases. Methodological improvements have significantly enhanced the accuracy of physiological (cardiac and respiratory) noise correction within brainstem imaging studies. These technological and methodological advancements have allowed for in-depth analyses of the brainstem's anatomy, including quantitative assessments and examinations of structural connectivity within both gray and white matter. Furthermore, functional studies, including assessments of activation patterns and functional connectivity, have revealed the brainstem's roles in both specialized functions and broader neural integration. Notably, these investigations have identified alterations in brainstem structure and function associated with various neurological disorders. Summary The aforementioned developments have allowed for a greater appreciation of the importance of the brainstem in the wider context of neuroscience and clinical neurology.

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ProbaStem, a pipeline towards the first high-resolution probabilistic atlas of the whole human brainstem

Cited by 2 publications

References 43 publications

Multimodal MRI reveals brainstem connections that sustain wakefulness in human consciousness

Multimodal MRI reveals brainstem connections that sustain wakefulness in human consciousness

Advances in functional and structural imaging of the brainstem: implications for disease

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