Probable risk factors of internal jugular vein stenosis in Chinese patients—A real-world cohort study

Bai, Chaobo; Ding, Jiayue; Zhou, Da; Sun, Jie; Liu, Cheng; Pan, Lizhen; Ya, Jingyuan; Wang, Zhongao; Guan, Jingwei; Jin, Kyong-Suk; Ding, Yuchuan; Ji, Xunming; Dai, Jianping; Wang, Mengqi

doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105678

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, someone may question the causal relationship between IJVS and CVT explaining that the preponderance of IJVS in CVT individuals may probably be mediated by a third associated factor, such as immunological diseases and hyperhomocysteinemia that can simultaneously work in the formation of IJVS and CVT. 17 Our study design successfully escaped from such dispute, as the IJVS‐CVT cohort in this study was prevailingly without known CVT‐provoked factors. For further determination, binary logistic regression was conducted and further confirmed that most thrombophilia conditions were negatively associated with IJVS‐CVT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The larger proportion of IJVS in patients with CVT versus those without may indicate a causal connection between IJVS and CVT. However, someone may question the causal relationship between IJVS and CVT explaining that the preponderance of IJVS in CVT individuals may probably be mediated by a third associated factor, such as immunological diseases and hyperhomocysteinemia that can simultaneously work in the formation of IJVS and CVT 17.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nonthrombotic internal jugular venous stenosis may facilitate cerebral venous thrombosis

Zhou

et al. 2021

CNS Neurosci Ther

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

Nonthrombotic internal jugular venous stenosis may facilitate cerebral venous thrombosis

Zhou

et al. 2021

CNS Neurosci Ther

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“…Clinically serious thrombophlebitis has been reported in association with viral infections both acute, such as varicella zoster virus [57][58][59] and COVID-19, 49 and chronic, such as cytomegalovirus in HIV patients 60 and hepatitis B virus. 61 These considerations suggest that it would be meaningful to distinguish, in future research, three groups of STP defined by the major microbiological agents definitely or potentially associated with it: bacteria-associated thrombophlebitis, mycosis-associated thrombophlebitis, and virus-associated thrombophlebitis.…”

Section: Risk Estimation and Pathogen-specific Thrombogenic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head, Neck, and Abdominopelvic Septic Thrombophlebitis: Current Evidence and Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment

Valerio

Riva

2020

Hamostaseologie

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Septic thrombophlebitis (STP) is a complex, cross-disciplinary clinical condition that combines a localized infection with a neighboring venous thrombosis. STP can occur at several possible anatomic sites, such as dural sinuses, jugular vein (Lemierre syndrome), portal vein (pylephlebitis), and pelvic veins. Its high mortality in the preantibiotic era improved considerably with the introduction of modern antibiotics. However, little evidence exists to date to guide its clinical management. The incidence of STP or its risk factors may be increasing, and its mortality may still be considerable. These trends would have far-reaching implications, especially in the setting of increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. No clinical assessment tools exist to support patient screening or guide treatment in STP. Few interventional studies exist on the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation. Recommendations on its indications, duration, and the agents of choice are mostly based on evidence derived from small observational studies. While all forms of STP pose similar challenges, future research may benefit from the distinction between bacteria-associated, virus-associated, and mycosis-associated thrombophlebitis. Addressing these gaps in evidence would enhance our ability to diagnose this condition and treat patients effectively.

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“…These findings would suggest their flat, transversal, pathway might be implicated in thrombogenesis, together with other predisposing features. Studies have demonstrated that extracranial compression or anomaly of the internal jugular vein concurs to red cell sludging and thrombosis in intracranial tributary veins [59,73,74]. Jugular vein pressure, as an expression of the right atrial pressure, was recently reported as being predictive of central venous congestion [75].…”

Section: Cerebral Venous Compartmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis following COVID-19 Vaccination: Analysis of 552 Worldwide Cases

et al. 2022

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To date, billions of vaccine doses have been administered to restrain the current COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. Rare side effects, including intravascular blood clots, were reported in the general population after vaccination. Among these, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) has been considered the most serious one. To shed further light on such an event, we conducted a literature search for case descriptions of CVST in vaccinated people. Findings were analyzed with emphasis on demographic characteristics, type of vaccine, site of thrombosis, clinical and histopathological findings. From 258 potential articles published till September 2021, 41 studies were retrieved for a total of 552 patients. Of these, 492 patients (89.1%) had received AZD1222/Vaxzevria, 45 (8.2%) BNT162b2/CX-024414 Spikevax, 15 (2.7%) JNJ-78436735, and 2 (0.3%) Covishield vaccine. CVST occurred in 382 women and 170 men (mean aged 44 years), and the median timing from the shot was 9 days (range 2–45). Thrombi were predominantly seen in transverse (84%), sigmoid (66%), and/or superior sagittal (56%) sinuses. Brain injury (chiefly intracranial bleeding) occurred in 32% of cases. Of 426 patients with detailed clinical course, 63% were discharged in good clinical conditions, at times with variable neurological sequelae, whereas 37% deceased, largely due to brain injury. This narrative review confirmed CVST as a rare event after (adenoviral vector) COVID-19 vaccination, with a women/men rate ratio of 2.25. Though the pathogenesis of thrombosis is still under discussion, currently available histopathological findings likely indicate an underlying immune vasculitis.

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Probable risk factors of internal jugular vein stenosis in Chinese patients—A real-world cohort study

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Nonthrombotic internal jugular venous stenosis may facilitate cerebral venous thrombosis

Nonthrombotic internal jugular venous stenosis may facilitate cerebral venous thrombosis

Head, Neck, and Abdominopelvic Septic Thrombophlebitis: Current Evidence and Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis following COVID-19 Vaccination: Analysis of 552 Worldwide Cases

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