Probable NAFLD, by ALT levels, and diabetes among Filipino-American Women

Abstract

BACKGROUND-Studies have shown alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a marker for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), to predict type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

A Systematic Review of Overweight, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes Among Asian American Subgroups

“…Although searches were conducted for studies with Bangladeshi, Bhutanese, Nepalese, Pakistani, or Sri Lankan individuals, no articles were found for these groups. Of the 97 articles in the systematic review, nearly half (n=46) were analyses of one of the following seven studies: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis [8-25] (MESA, n=18), Study of Women's Health Across the Nation [26-37] (SWAN, n=12), Filipino Women's Health Study [38-44] (n=7), Kōhala Health Research Project/Native Hawaiian Health Research Project [41, 45, 46] (NHHR, n=3), Behavioral Risk Factor Survey in Guam [47, 48] (BRFS, n=2), University of California San Diego (UCSD) Rancho Bernardo Study [49, 50] (n=2), and National Health Interview Survey [5, 7] (NHIS, n=2). Almost all articles reported cross-sectional data for the variables of interest; only two SWAN studies [27, 33] provided longitudinal data.…”

“…Mean BMI among men and women from the NHHR project ranged from 26.0 kg/m 2 to 26.8 kg/m 2 , with the latter estimate as the greatest estimate in the Filipino subgroup [41, 45, 46]. Among women, mean BMI was 21.7 kg/m 2 among community college students in Hawaii [6], between 24.3 kg/m 2 (age-adjusted) to 25.6 kg/m 2 among 40 to 86 year olds from San Diego county [38-44], 25.4 kg/m 2 (age-adjusted) among postmenopausal women in northern San Diego County [49, 50], and 26.0-26.8 kg/m 2 in the NHHR project [41, 45, 46]. Only one estimate was provided for men (mean BMI 25.7 kg/m 2 ) [48].…”

Longitudinal study of circulating miR-122 in a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

“…Although Wong et al (2008) claimed that serum ALT activity is a marker for NAFLD [16], mild NAFLD cannot be detected by serum ALT. In contrast, circulating miR-122 appeared to be highly sensitive to NAFLD, since enhanced miR-122 levels were observed in NAFLD rats without elevated serum ALT activities.…”

“…Clinical laboratory parameters, including total cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), aspartate aminotransferase [16], alanine aminotransferase [5], and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), were measured using commercial kits by auto-analyzer (Prestige 24i; Tokyo Boseki, Tokyo, Japan). Serum TG, total cholesterol, and NEFA were assayed using Triglyceride E-Test Wako, Cholesterol E-Test Wako, and NEFA-HA test Wako commercial kits (Wako Pure Chemistry Industries Ltd., Osaka, Japan), respectively.…”

Adiponectin levels and its association with hyperglycaemia in adult Filipino participants in the 2003—04 National Nutrition and Health Survey

“…In the study involving 163 women, lower adiponectin levels were independently associated with type 2 diabetes after adjusting for age and family history of diabetes. 16 In a cohort of Caucasians, Filipino and African-American women aged 55-80 years screened with 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, Filipinas were noted to have higher plasma glucose levels and diabetes prevalence even in the lowest level of visceral adipose tissue despite the lower body mass index. 17 Adiponectin levels were lower in normoglycaemic Filipinas compared with normoglycaemic Caucasians and AfricanAmericans.…”