Probable in vivo Origin of Multi-Nucleated Giant Cells from Circulating Mononuclears

Gillman, Theodore; Wright, Les

doi:10.1038/209263a0

Cited by 73 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It is thought that cells detect the foreign surface on which they are cultured and form progressively larger multinucleated structures in a coordinated effort to encapsulate or wall off the entire foreign surface, i.e., the glass or plastic surface [9], [44], [45]. This is likely the same basic encapsulation response of phagocytes that occurs in vivo in which cells coordinate to cover a wound, to wall off an infected area, or to encapsulate agglutinated microbes or a parasite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation of Sea Urchin Phagocytes Is Augmented In Vitro by Lipopolysaccharide

2013

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Development of protocols and media for culturing immune cells from marine invertebrates has not kept pace with advancements in mammalian immune cell culture, the latter having been driven by the need to understand the causes of and develop therapies for human and animal diseases. However, expansion of the aquaculture industry and the diseases that threaten these systems creates the need to develop cell and tissue culture methods for marine invertebrates. Such methods will enable us to better understand the causes of disease outbreaks and to develop means to avoid and remedy epidemics. We report a method for the short-term culture of phagocytes from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, by modifying an approach previously used to culture cells from another sea urchin species. The viability of cultured phagocytes from the purple sea urchin decreases from 91.6% to 57% over six days and phagocyte morphology changes from single cells to aggregates leading to the formation of syncytia-like structures. This process is accelerated in the presence of lipopolysaccharide suggesting that phagocytes are capable of detecting this molecular pattern in culture conditions. Sea urchin immune response proteins, called Sp185/333, are expressed on the surface of a subset of phagocytes and have been associated with syncytia-like structures. We evaluated their expression in cultured phagocytes to determine their possible role in cell aggregation and in the formation of syncytia-like structures. Between 0 and 3 hr, syncytia-like structures were observed in cultures when only ∼10% of the cells were positive for Sp185/333 proteins. At 24 hr, ∼90% of the nuclei were Sp185/333-positive when all of the phagocytes had aggregated into syncytia-like structures. Consequently, we conclude that the Sp185/333 proteins do not have a major role in initiating the aggregation of cultured phagocytes, however the Sp185/333 proteins are associated with the clustered nuclei within the syncytia-like structures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation of Sea Urchin Phagocytes Is Augmented In Vitro by Lipopolysaccharide

2013

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“…About 30 years ago, experimental evidences suggested, as Metchnikoff predicted, that GCs or polykaria are formed in foreign‐body lesions induced in mice by fusion of inflammatory mononuclear cells (Gillman & Wright 1966; Mariano & Spector 1974). However, since then there has been little advance in knowledge about the mechanism of the fusion process itself.…”

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confidence: 99%

B‐1 cells are pivotal for in vivo inflammatory giant cell formation

Bogsan

Brito

Palos

et al. 2005

Int J Experimental Path

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The mechanisms that govern giant cell (GC) formation in inflammatory, neoplastic and physiologic conditions are far from being understood. Here, we demonstrate that B-1 cells are essential for foreign-body GC formation in the mouse. GCs were analysed on the surface of glass cover slips implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of the animals. It was demonstrated that GCs are almost absent on cover slips implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of BALB/c or CBA/N X-linked immunodeficient mice. As these animals do not have B-1 cells in the peritoneal cavity, they were reconstituted with B-1 cells obtained from cultures of adherent mouse peritoneal cells. Results showed that in B-1-reconstituted animals, the number of GCs on the implant surface surpassed the values obtained with preparations from wild animals. In animals selectively irradiated (pleural and peritoneal cavities) to deplete these cavities of B-1 cells, GCs were also not formed. Enriched suspensions of B-1 cells grown in culture were labelled with [(3)H]-tymidine and injected into the peritoneal cavity of naive mice before implantation of glass cover slips. After 4 days, about 17% of mononuclear cells had their nuclei labelled, and almost 70% of GCs had one or more of their nuclei labelled when analysed by histoautoradiographic technique. A few GCs expressed an immunoglobulin M when analysed by immunostaining and confocal microscopy. Overall, these data demonstrate that B-1 cells are pivotal in the mechanisms of foreign-body GC formation in the mouse.

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“…However, no morphological clues for their origin could be found. It has long been known that large multinucleated cells such as osteoclasts and foreign body giant cells form by fusion of mononuclear cells of the monocyte/ macrophage lineage (Gillman and Wright, 1966). Dental follicle cells have been shown to secrete colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) that are believed to recruit mononuclear cells to the dental follicle and to promote the formation of osteoclasts, thus initiating the intraosseous phase of tooth eruption (Wise et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative histological and ultrastructural features of opercula of normally erupting human teeth

Verma¹,

Nair²,

Luder³

2005

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Tooth eruption across the mucosa in humans has been studied rarely, although there are disturbances of eruption that are attributed specifically to failure of the supraosseous eruptive migration. The aim of this study was to analyze the soft tissues covering normally erupting teeth so as to get an insight into the supraosseous phase of tooth eruption and to provide the basis for comparison with cases of eruption disturbances. Six opercula covering normally erupting permanent molars (primary opercula) and six of succedaneous teeth (secondary opercula) were surgically removed from 10 patients aged 7.5-17.5 years. Specimens were examined light and electron microscopically and analyzed morphometrically. All opercula contained strands and islands of odontogenic epithelium, prominent numbers of high endothelial venules, nerves, and mast cells. Nerves comprised normally structured, 1.5-3.5 microm thick myelinated (Adelta) and thinner unmyelinated (C) fibers. In primary opercula, the proportions of blood vessels and nerves were three- and sevenfold higher than the respective values for the secondary opercula. Furthermore, primary opercula contained multinucleated, fibroblast-like giant cells that were not observed in secondary opercula. As all teeth under investigation were erupting normally, neither the presence of the giant cells nor the atypical proportions of blood vessels and nerves appeared to be decisive in the eruption process. These conspicuous tissue components of opercula seem merely to accompany the eruptive tooth movement.

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Probable in vivo Origin of Multi-Nucleated Giant Cells from Circulating Mononuclears

Cited by 73 publications

References 2 publications

Aggregation of Sea Urchin Phagocytes Is Augmented In Vitro by Lipopolysaccharide

Aggregation of Sea Urchin Phagocytes Is Augmented In Vitro by Lipopolysaccharide

B‐1 cells are pivotal for in vivo inflammatory giant cell formation

Quantitative histological and ultrastructural features of opercula of normally erupting human teeth

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