Probability of HIV-1 transmission per coital act in monogamous, heterosexual, HIV-1-discordant couples in Rakai, Uganda

Gray, Ronald H.; Wawer, Maria J.; Brookmeyer, Ron; Sewankambo, Nelson; Serwadda, David; Wâbwire-Mângen, Fred; Lutalo, Tom; Li, Xianbin; VanCott, Thomas C.; Quinn, Thomas C.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04331-2

Cited by 1,107 publications

(821 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…5,12,25,26 The psychosocial 27,28 This exploratory study found that among 36 purposively selected couples in South Africa and Tanzania, HIV and their HIV-discordant status were ever-present issues, influencing their sexual relations and childbearing decisions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual relations and childbearing decisions of HIV-discordant couples: an exploratory study in South Africa and Tanzania

Rispel

Metcalf

Moody

et al. 2011

Reproductive Health Matters

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual relations and childbearing decisions of HIV-discordant couples: an exploratory study in South Africa and Tanzania

Rispel

Metcalf

Moody

et al. 2011

Reproductive Health Matters

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“…Mucosal disruption due to reactivation of HSV-2 leads to ulcers and concomitant infiltration of activated CD-4 cells may increase the number of target cells for HIV-1 infection (Corey et al 2004). In the Rakai study by Gray et al, (2001), overall transmission probability of HIV-1 increased from 0.0011 without genital ulceration to 0.0041 with genital ulceration (Gray et al 2001). There is also evidence supporting EBV as a cofactor in the pathophysiology of HIV infection.…”

Section: Stress and Acquisition Of Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Levels of Psychological Stress, Herpesvirus Reactivation and HIV

2008

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Nearly 40,000 Americans are newly infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) each year. Recently, studies have demonstrated associations between group-level characteristics and the prevalence and incidence of HIV/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases. Two mechanisms previously posited to explain these associations are neighborhood effects on risk behaviors and social or institutional policies. In this paper, we hypothesize that adversity at the population level, such as neighborhood poverty, also influences HIV risk through stress-mediated aberrations in immunological susceptibility by reviewing existing data examining each of these pathways. In particular, we review the evidence showing that: (1) Neighborhood ecologic stressors influence neighborhood-and individual-levels of mental health, psychosocial stress, and HIV/AIDS risk, (2) Individual-level psychosocial stressors influence progression from HIV to AIDS through stress-related hormonal changes, and (3) Individual-level psychosocial stressors influence HIV acquisition via stress-related reactivation of latent herpesviruses, specifically EBV and HSV-2. Our review indicates that further studies are needed to examine the joint pathways linking neighborhood-level sources of psychosocial stress, stress-related reactivation of HSV-2 and EBV, and increased acquisition rates of HIV. We suggest using a multi-level framework for targeting HIV prevention efforts that address not only behavioral risk factors, but structural, political, and institutional factors associated with neighborhood disadvantage, levels of psychosocial stress, and prevention or treatment of HSV-2 and EBV.

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“…Although the incidence of HIV-1 transmission is very low (0.0001-0.0004 in discordant couples), there is the possibility of becoming infected during each sexual act (1,2). A high frequency of sexual encounters, different viral loads of HIV-1 carriers, and sexually transmitted diseases contribute to transmission of the virus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal HIV-1-gp160-DNA/gp41 Peptide Prime-Boost Immunization Regimen in Mice Results in Long-Term HIV-1 Neutralizing Humoral Mucosal and Systemic Immunity

Devito

Zuber

Schröder³

et al. 2004

The Journal of Immunology

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An intranasal DNA vaccine prime followed by a gp41 peptide booster immunization was compared with gp41 peptide and control immunizations. Serum HIV-1-specific IgG and IgA as well as IgA in feces and vaginal and lung secretions were detected after immunizations. Long-term humoral immunity was studied for up to 12 mo after the booster immunization by testing the presence of HIV-1 gp41- and CCR5-specific Abs and IgG/IgA-secreting B lymphocytes in spleen and regional lymph nodes in immunized mice. A long-term IgA-specific response in the intestines, vagina, and lungs was obtained in addition to a systemic immune response. Mice immunized only with gp41 peptides and L3 adjuvant developed a long-term gp41-specific serum IgG response systemically, although over a shorter period (1–9 mo), and long-term mucosal gp41-specific IgA immunity. HIV-1-neutralizing serum Abs were induced that were still present 12 mo after booster immunization. HIV-1 SF2-neutralizing fecal and lung IgA was detectable only in the DNA-primed mouse groups. Intranasal DNA prime followed by one peptide/L3 adjuvant booster immunization, but not a peptide prime followed by a DNA booster, was able to induce B cell memory and HIV-1-neutralizing Abs for at least half of a mouse’s life span.

show abstract

Probability of HIV-1 transmission per coital act in monogamous, heterosexual, HIV-1-discordant couples in Rakai, Uganda

Cited by 1,107 publications

References 19 publications

Sexual relations and childbearing decisions of HIV-discordant couples: an exploratory study in South Africa and Tanzania

Sexual relations and childbearing decisions of HIV-discordant couples: an exploratory study in South Africa and Tanzania

Population Levels of Psychological Stress, Herpesvirus Reactivation and HIV

Intranasal HIV-1-gp160-DNA/gp41 Peptide Prime-Boost Immunization Regimen in Mice Results in Long-Term HIV-1 Neutralizing Humoral Mucosal and Systemic Immunity

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