Probability of damage to archaeological inclusions in a sandy matrix

Hyde, A. F. L.; Jackson, Caroline; Hassan, I.; Howie, Linda

doi:10.1201/b10528-43

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The rationale behind this experimental procedure was to accelerate the corrosion of two types of glass commonly found in archaeological contexts; a soda-lime-silica glass manufactured using mineral alkalis, and commonly found in Roman contexts, and a high-potash-lime-silica glass associated with later medieval contexts in Northern Europe. This set of experimental routines formed part of a larger project, which was to use the corroded glasses as specimens in a geotechnical rig to assess the effect of earth movements resulting from building activity upon the integrity of buried artefacts (Hyde et al 2011). Archaeological model glasses to mimic flat glass artefacts were simulated in order to obtain standardized glass compositions, and the shape and dimensions of the test specimens.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Compositional and Morphological Changes in Model Archaeological Glasses in an Acid Burial Matrix

Jackson¹,

Greenfield²,

Howie³

2011

Archaeometry

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The degradation mechanisms of glass in a buried context result in surfaces that have been depleted in various elements. The stability of the glass is primarily affected by the burial environment and the glass composition. However, in all archaeological glasses, the corroded layer that is formed on the surface tends to be low in alkalis, high in silica and lacking in cohesion. The extent to which the material has degraded, along with the physical nature of the corrosion, has a profound effect upon a wide range of factors affecting the stability of artefacts, as well as the choice of conservation techniques to be employed. This study has a number of objectives: determination of the morphology of the surface of the leached layer in glasses of two different compositions with different surface finishes; examination of the transition between the corroded material and the unaffected substrate; and investigation of concentration profile of different elements within the surface layers, as a function of depth. The study uses two glasses, fabricated under laboratory conditions, to replicate two common glass types found in the historical environment; a soda–lime–silica glass typical of those found in the Roman period throughout the Mediterranean and northwestern Europe, and high‐lime–potash glasses typical of those of Western Europe in the late medieval period. Three different surfaces have been prepared to mimic alternative manufacturing techniques such as blown, cast and ground surfaces for each composition. The glasses have been corroded under controlled laboratory conditions to replicate the buried environment. Imaging and chemical information is obtained using SEM–EDX and morphological information using IFM to produce 3‐D mapping from topographical surfaces.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Compositional and Morphological Changes in Model Archaeological Glasses in an Acid Burial Matrix

Jackson¹,

Greenfield²,

Howie³

2011

Archaeometry

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“…Contrary to earlier studies on the effects of compression on vulnerable archaeological remains (Hyde, 2004;Hyde, et al, 2010;or Mcbride & Mercer, 2012), we could compare the microstructures of virgin soils, the same soils compressed in the laboratory and in situ in order to ground truth our laboratory studies. In this paper, focus is put on the numerical modelling of ground displacement under soil load.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tools for Predicting Damage to Archaeological Sites Caused by One-Dimensional Loading

Ngan-Tillard

Brinkgreve

Huisman

et al. 2016

Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites

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Tools are developed to predict damage to archaeological remains caused by the construction of line infrastructure on soft soil. They are based on numerical modelling and laboratory testing supported by X-ray microcomputed tomographic observations, and micromorphological analyses of thin sections. They have been validated for one-dimensional (1D) loading at two sites in the Netherlands where soil has been placed on top of organic layers rich in ecofacts and overlaying Pleistocene sands.Numerical prediction of the deformation of soft layers underneath an embankment remains a challenge for geo-technical engineers. Errors on surface settlement prediction reach ±15% of the measured total settlement. Laboratory observations show that vulnerable artefacts can get crushed when packed loosely in pure assemblies under 1D loading equivalent to less than 5 m of sand. Fragmentation is assimilated to loss of archaeological value as it compromises recovery during sieving. Embedment in a sandy or a very compressible organic matrix has a beneficial effect on the resistance of ecofacts. Embedded ecofacts can resist a load of more than 12 m of sand. Flattening and re-orientation of soft plant remains occur during 1D loading without microscopic damage of tissues.keywords wetland archaeology, one-dimensional compression, damage, X-ray microcomputed tomography

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Under Pressure: A Laboratory Investigation into the Effects of Mechanical Loading on Charred Organic Matter in Archaeological Sites

Ngan-Tillard

Dijkstra

Verwaal

et al. 2015

Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites

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Probability of damage to archaeological inclusions in a sandy matrix

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

An Assessment of Compositional and Morphological Changes in Model Archaeological Glasses in an Acid Burial Matrix

An Assessment of Compositional and Morphological Changes in Model Archaeological Glasses in an Acid Burial Matrix

Tools for Predicting Damage to Archaeological Sites Caused by One-Dimensional Loading

Under Pressure: A Laboratory Investigation into the Effects of Mechanical Loading on Charred Organic Matter in Archaeological Sites

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