Probability mass functions for additional years of labor market activity induced by the Markov (increment–decrement) model

Working Life Expectancy at Age 50 in the United States and the Impact of the Great Recession

“…For instance, they found that nonwhite males had a lower WLE than white males, whereas the differences between white and nonwhite females were small. Skoog and Ciecka (2002) estimated WLE at age 50 to be 13.1 years for men in 1997-1998, and Warner et al (2010 reported an estimate of 13.8 years for the period 1992-2004 using HRS data. If we restrict our analysis to the period 1992-2004 and do not control for year, we find a WLE estimate of 13.4 years for males.…”

“…December 1992-December 1996 is used as the reference period and corresponds to transitions in the 1993-1997 period. Three dummy variables were included that correspond to the 1998-2002-2007-2011periods, respectively. The 1998-2002 …”

Detailed Estimation of Worklife Expectancy for the Measurement of Human Capital: Accounting for Marriage and Children

“…1 1 Worklife expectancies are also extensively utilized to project lost earnings (see, for example, Nieswiadomy and Silberberg, 1988; Nieswiadomy and Slottje, 1988; Skoog and Ciecka, 2001, 2002). …”

Expanding the Markov chain tool box: distributions of occupation times and waiting times

“…This paper expands the tool box for Markov models. We combine earlier work by Sericola (2000) and Skoog and Ciecka (2010), and develop three methods that can be applied to gain deeper insight into the dynamics captured by these models: one method for occupation times and two methods for waiting times. Starting from a discrete-time, finite state space, homogeneous Markov chain, and considering a finite interval of time, the method for occupation times allows us to calculate the distribution of time units spent in any arbitrary subset of the state space.…”

“…Given estimates of transition probabilities, it is standard practice to calculate the expected lifetime spent in each of the states, including the expected lifetime spent in the "active" state, which is of prime policy interest, and is called working life expectancy (Loichinger and Weber, 2016). In the literature, working life tables have been reported primarily for the United States (Warner et al, 2010;Skoog and Ciecka, 2010;Millimet et al, 2010Millimet et al, , 2003Hayward and Richter, 1998;Hayward et al, 1996;Hayward and Grady, 1990;Smith, 1986), but working life tables are also available for Finland (Leinonen et al, 2016;Nurminen et al, 2005), the United Kingdom (Haberman and Bloomfield, 1990;Butt et al, 2008), the Netherlands (Liefbroer and Henkens, 1999), and Denmark (Hoem, 1977;Willekens, 1980). In this paper, working life tables for Spanish males are calculated using Spanish social security data for the years 2004 to 2013.…”