ResumenEl presente documento muestra el despacho econ贸mico realizado en un sistema de potencia con penetraci贸n de fuentes renovables y carros el茅ctricos, con 茅nfasis en el modelado de cargas controlables. Para ello, se estudi贸 el comportamiento de la irradiancia solar, la velocidad del viento y los patrones de conducci贸n de carros el茅ctricos por medio de distribuciones de probabilidad Log-Normal, Weibull y Normal, respectivamente. Se defini贸 el concepto de carga controlable, as铆 como los requisitos del contrato con el operador de red para que un centro de consumo pueda declararse como controlable, mediante el uso de un modelo de minimizaci贸n de costos de compensaci贸n por bloque de potencia no despachada, que permitiera modelar el comportamiento energ茅tico-econ贸mico de dichos nodos desde el punto de vista del operador de red. La optimizaci贸n del despacho (flujo 贸ptimo de potencia), se hizo por medio del algoritmo de optimizaci贸n DEEPSO (Differential Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization) mediante la inclusi贸n de 7 nodos controlables, escogidos en base a la posible flexibilidad de carga en el nodo respectivo. Se encontr贸 que las cargas controlables pueden presentar dos grandes beneficios para el sistema dependiendo de los par谩metros establecidos en el contrato permitiendo la suavizaci贸n del perfil de demanda (desplazamiento de picos de m谩xima potencia y disminuci贸n de p茅rdidas) y disminuci贸n del costo total de generaci贸n.
Palabras clave: Optimizaci贸n heur铆stica; despacho econ贸mico; fuentes renovables de energ铆a; cargas controlables
AbstractThis document shows the economic dispatch carried out in a power system with penetration of renewable sources, electric cars and with special emphasis on the modeling of controllable loads. For this, the behavior of solar irradiance, wind speed and electric carriage driving patterns were studied by means of Log-Normal, Weibull and Normal probability distributions, respectively. The concept of controllable load was defined as well as the requirements of the contract with the network operator so that a consumption center could be declared as controllable and a model of minimization of costs of compensation by unbundled power block was used to model the behavior energetic-economic of said nodes from the point of view of the network operator. The optimization of the dispatch (optimum flow of power) was made by means of the DEEPSO optimization algorithm by the inclusion of 7 controllable nodes, chosen based on an established selection criterion. It was found that the controllable loads can present two great benefits for the system depending on the parameters established in the contract: smoothing the demand profile (displacement of maximum power peaks and decrease of losses) and decrease of the total cost of generation.