Probabilities of Eventually Developing or Dying of Cancer--United States, 1985

Seidman, Herbert; Mushinski, M; Gelb, Steven K.; Silverberg, Edwin

doi:10.3322/canjclin.35.1.36

Cited by 178 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…1 Approximately 7% of Americans will develop colorectal carcinoma within their lifetime. 2 Colorectal carcinoma incidence increased in the United States from 1973 through 1985 and then decreased through 1995. The U.S. mortality rate from colorectal carcinoma has declined among women since 1950 and among men since 1985.…”

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confidence: 99%

Colorectal carcinoma in poor blacks

Freeman

Alshafie

2002

Cancer

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BACKGROUNDDeath rates for most cancers continue to be higher for African Americans, particularly those in inner cities. Harlem Hospital serves a poor, predominantly African‐American community in New York City.METHODSTumor registry records for 615 patients treated for colorectal carcinoma at Harlem Hospital between 1973 and 1992 were reviewed.RESULTSOf the patients, 45.2% were male and 54.8% female, 97.2% were black, and 82% resided in Harlem. All patients were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis;15.3% were first diagnosed intraoperatively; 8.4% were in American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage I, 20.8% Stage II, 22.8% Stage III, 39.0% Stage IV, and 8.0% could not be staged. Colon resection with intention of cure was performed on 50.6%, 21.5% had palliative resection, and 11.6% had colostomy or other palliative surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was given to 6.2%; 16.9% had no surgical treatment because of advanced stage, poor condition, or refusal of surgery; 12.7% presented with perforation or intestinal obstruction. Operative mortality was 15.3% overall and 10.6% for 311 patients who had surgery with intention of cure. Twenty‐five patients had local recurrence, 86 had subsequent distant metastases, and 33 patients had both local and distant recurrence. Forty‐nine patients (8%) were lost to follow‐up. The 5‐year crude survival rate for 615 patients was 18.7%. The relative survival rate was 19.7%, substantially lower than the national average for the same years.CONCLUSIONSAlthough colorectal carcinoma mortality continues to decline nationally, in this population of poor blacks the mortality rate remained high and unchanged. The most important cause of this is late presentation at an incurable stage, resulting from the combined effects of poverty, lack of education, and lack of access to primary care. Culturally sensitive educational programs and accessible health care systems for the poor are needed. Cancer 2002;94:2327–32. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10486

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Colorectal carcinoma in poor blacks

Freeman

Alshafie

2002

Cancer

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“…",26'27 The near doubling of the probability of a woman dying of cancer of the lung if born in 1985 as compared to 1975 has been attributed to their increased adoption of this popular habit. 28 Smoking prevalence for the male respondents, including those who used both cigarettes and smokeless tobacco, was centered within a range that has been previously reported for this age group.827 The 30 per cent who reported use of smokeless tobacco only may provide some explanation for the decline in male smoking trends noted since the 1970s. When the numbers of cigarette and smokeless tobacco users were combined, the resulting 41 per cent was similar to the number of 25 This new generation of snuff dippers and tobacco chewers has now become exposed to potential carcinogens which, in conjunction with other mediators, particularly alcohol, are considered to be the primary risk factors for cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract.32'33 They will also be subjected to the cardiovascular effects from the nicotine in these products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Changing trends of tobacco use in a teenage population in western Pennsylvania.

Guggenheimer¹,

Zullo²,

Kruper³

et al. 1986

Am J Public Health

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Information on tobacco use was obtained from an anonymous questionnaire distributed to 609 8th, 9th, and 10th grade students in the Pittsburgh area. The data disclosed that 22 per cent of the girls and 11 per cent of the boys were smoking. However, 35 per cent of the young men reported using smokeless tobacco; snuff dipping (6 per cent), tobacco chewing (10 per cent), and snuff and/or tobacco chewing (19 per cent).

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“…For this reason the early detection of these polyps and their complete removal is a recognized strategy for the prevention of colon cancer. 3,4 So far no single method for an early diagnosis of colon polyps or colon cancer including faecal occult blood testing (FOBT), proctosigmoidoscopy, double contrast barium enema (fluoroscopy) or conventional endoscopy offers high sensi-tivity and specificity along with low cost and good patient acceptance. Endoscopic colonoscopy allows the accurate detection of very small lesions and has almost completely replaced fluoroscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance colonography

Vegar-Zubović¹,

Sefić-Pašić²,

Lincender³

et al. 2007

Radiology and Oncology

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IntroductionColon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the western world. 1 Several risk factors predispose a person to develop colon cancer. 2 Adenomatous colorectal polyps, which are found in 30-50% of Americans more than 50 years old, are recognized as important precursors of malignancy. Probably most of the invasive colon carcinomas arise from polyps. An early polyp removal has been shown to reduce mortality from colon cancer by 25-50%. For this reason the early detection of these polyps and their complete removal is a recognized strategy for the prevention of colon cancer. 3,4 So far no single method for an early diagnosis of colon polyps or colon cancer including faecal occult blood testing (FOBT), proctosigmoidoscopy, double contrast barium enema (fluoroscopy) or conventional endoscopy offers high sensi- Radiol Oncol 2007; 41(1): 1-12. doi:10.2478/v10019-007-

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Probabilities of Eventually Developing or Dying of Cancer--United States, 1985

Cited by 178 publications

References 3 publications

Colorectal carcinoma in poor blacks

Colorectal carcinoma in poor blacks

Changing trends of tobacco use in a teenage population in western Pennsylvania.

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance colonography

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