Probabilistic risk characterization: An example with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

Bosgra, Sieto; Bos, Peter; Vermeire, Theo; Luit, Richard; Slob, Wout

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.06.008

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In the cases of DEHP, DiNP and DiDP, mouthing of PVC toys was seen as a crucial pathway resulting in exposures of up to 200 mg/kg/day. Bosgra et al [172] pointed out that these point estimates were based on the worst-case scenarios for each of the underlying parameters. Based on the same database, they estimated in a probabilistic approach much lower DEHP levels in children, caused by mouthing of PVC toys (95th P 0.88 mg/kg/day).…”

Section: Exposure Assessment By Biomonitoring Data Versus Exposure Mementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing exposure to phthalates – The human biomonitoring approach

Wittassek¹,

Koch

Angerer

et al. 2011

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

669

381

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Some phthalates are developmental and reproductive toxicants in animals. Exposure to phthalates is considered to be potentially harmful to human health as well. Based on a comprehensive literature research, we present an overview of the sources of human phthalate exposure and results of exposure assessments with special focus on human biomonitoring data. Among the general population, there is widespread exposure to a number of phthalates. Foodstuff is the major source of phthalate exposure, particularly for the long-chain phthalates such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. For short-chain phthalates such as di-n-butyl-phthalate, additional pathways are of relevance. In general, children are exposed to higher phthalate doses than adults. Especially, high exposures can occur through some medications or medical devices. By comparing exposure data with existing limit values, one can also assess the risks associated with exposure to phthalates. Within the general population, some individuals exceed tolerable daily intake values for one or more phthalates. In high exposure groups, (intensive medical care, medications) tolerable daily intake transgressions can be substantial. Recent findings from animal studies suggest that a cumulative risk assessment for phthalates is warranted, and a cumulative exposure assessment to phthalates via human biomonitoring is a major step into this direction.

show abstract

Section: Exposure Assessment By Biomonitoring Data Versus Exposure Mementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing exposure to phthalates – The human biomonitoring approach

Wittassek¹,

Koch

Angerer

et al. 2011

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

669

381

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, deterministic approach can not account for the spatial and temporal variability of exposure levels as well as the probability and magnitude of ecological effects. As an alternative, probabilistic risk assessment, such as Joint Probability Curve (JPC) method (Wang et al 2002;Zolezzi et al 2005) and Monte Carlo simulation (USEPA 1997;Zolezzi et al 2005), can provide a quantitative description of the distribution and possibility of ecological risk posed by pollutants (USEPA 1998;Bosgra et al 2005;Chow et al 2005). In order to get a more credible result, some researchers and scientific institutions have recommended the use of a tiered approach for exposure and effect assessment and for risk characterization, from simple deterministic methods to probabilistic methods (Zolezzi et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tiered aquatic ecological risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides and their mixture in Jiangsu reach of Huaihe River, China

Wang

Huang

et al. 2008

Environ Monit Assess

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A tiered approach consisting of several probabilistic options was used to refine aquatic ecological risk assessment (ERA) of individuals and mixture of various Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) detected in Jiangsu reach of Huaihe River, China. The tiered approach ranged from determined Hazard Quotient (HQ) to Joint Probability Curve and Monte Carlo simulation based HQ-distribution. The results from all levels of ERA methods in the tiered framework are consistent with each other. The results show that Endrin, o,p'-Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane (DDT), alpha-Endosulfan and beta-Endosulfan posed clear ecological risk; p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, Aldrin, Heptachlorepoxide and Methoxychlor posed potential risk; while Hexachlorocyclohexanes, Heptachlor, Dieldrin and Hexachlorobenzene posed negligible risk. Further, based on the concept of total equivalent concentration, combined ecological risk caused by the mixture of all detected OCPs was calculated, and it proved to be significantly higher than the risk caused by any individual OCP. Despite inevitable uncertainties in current ERA, a comprehensive tiered approach can help to get a more credible result of risks of individuals and mixture of hazardous pollutants and screen the major risk pollutants contributing to the combined ecological risk.

show abstract

“…Liu et al (2004) derived distributions for cancer risk for different human population groups (including children) resulting from groundwater contamination from landfill leachate. Bosgra et al (2005) used probabilistic risk characterization to plot the confidence in concluding that contaminant intake by humans is below regulatory limits. Warila et al (2001) used a probabilistic bioaccumulation model and a distribution for exposure parameters to calculate a hazard quotient for human exposure to silver in surface water.…”

Section: Pra Applications For Risk Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site‐Specific Applications of Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment: Review of the Literature Since 2000

Lester¹,

Green²,

Linkov³

2007

Risk Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Whether and to what extent contaminated sites harm ecologic and human health are topics of considerable interest, but also considerable uncertainty. Several federal and state agencies have approved the use of some or many aspects of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), but its site-specific application has often been limited to high-profile sites and large projects. Nonetheless, times are changing: newly developed software tools, and recent federal and state guidance documents formalizing PRA procedures, now make PRA a readily available method of analysis for even small-scale projects. This article presents and discusses a broad review of PRA literature published since 2000.

show abstract

Probabilistic risk characterization: An example with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Assessing exposure to phthalates – The human biomonitoring approach

Assessing exposure to phthalates – The human biomonitoring approach

Tiered aquatic ecological risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides and their mixture in Jiangsu reach of Huaihe River, China

Site‐Specific Applications of Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment: Review of the Literature Since 2000

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About