Probabilistic risk assessment of nitrates for Austrian adults and estimation of the magnitude of their conversion into nitrites

Vlachou, Christina; Hofstädter, Daniela; Rauscher-Gabernig, Elke; Griesbacher, Antonia; Fuchs, Klemens; König, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2020.111719

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Nitrites have also been classified as probable gastric carcinogens [31]. These facts have been confirmed by several other studies conducted in different regions [32][33][34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Ammonium, Nitrate and Nitrite Concentrations in Drinking Water of the South Bačka District of Vojvodina

Matijašević,

Bijelović,

Bobić

et al. 2024

FU Med Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Safe drinking water is one of the basic conditions for life on our planet, necessary for all vital processes in the biosphere. Pollution of water sources, largely from wide-scale agricultural fertilizer use, has resulted in nitrate and nitrite contamination of drinking water. Aim: To determine the concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite in drinking water as potential hazards in the settlements of the South Bačka administrative district of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (northern part of Serbia). A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2019. We analysed 8434 drinking water samples (7319 purified chlorinated, 386 untreated but chlorinated, and 729 untreated). For assessing the concentration of ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite in drinking water, samples were analyzed by a certified laboratory at the Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina using spectrophotometric method. After analyzing samples of purified chlorinated, untreated chlorinated, and untreated water, the exceedance of the prescribed values of ammonium were found in 0.45%, 64.77% and 68.45%, and for nitrites in 0.04%, 5.96% and 0.82% of the samples, respectively. The concentration of nitrate in drinking water concerning the degree of water purification (purified chlorinated and untreated water) exceeded the prescribed value in 0.01% and 5% of the samples, respectively. Determined exceedances of the prescribed limit values for nitrite concentrations recorded in purified chlorinated, untreated chlorinated, and untreated drinking water as well as for nitrate mainly in untreated drinking water, could be considered as potential hazards for human health, especially for the sensitive population group.

show abstract

“…Nitrites have also been classified as probable gastric carcinogens [31]. These facts have been confirmed by several other studies conducted in different regions [32][33][34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Ammonium, Nitrate and Nitrite Concentrations in Drinking Water of the South Bačka District of Vojvodina

Matijašević,

Bijelović,

Bobić

et al. 2024

FU Med Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The methylmercury intake was probabilistically estimated using Crystal Ball (Oracle © , Redwood City, CA, USA) with a Monte Carlo simulation. Monte Carlo simulation is well known as one of the most powerful method to analyze complex problems which may occur on sceneries related with food safety and the estimated intakes using this method have been reported for a number of harmful substances [19][20][21] . In the simulation we performed, in each trial, one methylmercury concentration and one amount of consumption in the corresponding group were randomly generated according to the distribution.…”

Section: Monte Carlo Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic Estimation of Dietary Intake of Methylmercury from Fish in Japan

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dietary intake of methylmercury from fish was estimated via Monte Carlo simulation using data for methylmercury concentrations in 210 fish samples and data regarding fish consumption extracted from the Japanese National Health and Nutrition Survey. The fish analyzed were classified into 5 groups according to categories used in the survey. The distribution of consumption of fish from each group was used without fitting to statistical distributions. A log-normal distribution was fitted to the distribution of methylmercury concentration in each fish group. Two random numbers that followed these distributions were generated, and a trial value was calculated by multiplying these random numbers. The trial value was divided by the body weight (50 kg) to arrive at an estimate of dietary methylmercury intake. A total of 100,000 Monte Carlo simulation iterations were performed. The estimated mean daily intake of methylmercury was 0.093 µg/kg body weight (bw)/day. This value is well below the tolerable daily intake of 0.292 µg/kg bw/day calculated from the tolerable weekly intake (2.0 µg/ kg bw/week) established by the Food Safety Commission of Japan. The probability that the daily intake of methylmercury exceeds the tolerable daily intake was 7.6%. As there are no data regarding fish consumption for consecutive days, estimation of the weekly intake of methylmercury is a subject for future studies.

show abstract

“…Although the results are still controversial [ 14 ], it is indisputable that nitrite can be combined with dietary amines to form potentially carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds [ 15 ]. Nitrite also has direct physiological toxic effects on the human body [ 16 ]. A series of regulations, therefore, have been specified to limit the concentrations of nitrate and nitrite in vegetables and food [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate Quantification in Fresh Vegetables in Shanghai: Its Dietary Risks and Preventive Measures

Luo

Yan

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To investigate nitrate and nitrite content in fresh vegetables, 264 samples were randomly collected in the farmers’ markets in Shanghai, Southeast China. The results indicate that 25.0% of the fresh vegetables were critically or more contaminated by nitrate [>1440 mg/kg FW (Fresh weight)]. Generally, leafy vegetables were more highly enriched in nitrate than root-tuber and fruit vegetables. About 22.6% of the leafy vegetables had a nitrate content exceeding the limit for edible permission (>3000 mg/kg FW). Nitrite content in the fresh vegetables was all within the safe level (<1 mg/kg FW). It was estimated that the daily nitrate intake through eating vegetables in Shanghai exceeded the WHO/FAO allowable limit. The field experiment indicated that the hyper-accumulation of nitrate and nitrite in the vegetables was mainly attributed to the excessive application of chemical fertilizers. The maxima of nitrate and nitrite in the vegetables were attained one week after applying chemical fertilizer, and thus they cannot be picked for dietary use. Applying organic manure can effectively lower the risk of nitrate and nitrite contamination in vegetables. The old leaves and leaf petioles were more easily enriched in nitrate due to their weaker metabolic activity. Vegetables with high nitrate content had a high risk of nitrite toxicity during storage due to the biological conversion of nitrate into nitrite, which is easily triggered by suitable temperature and mechanical damage processing. Therefore, fresh vegetables should be stored by rapid cooling and in undamaged forms to prevent nitrite accumulation.

show abstract

Probabilistic risk assessment of nitrates for Austrian adults and estimation of the magnitude of their conversion into nitrites

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Ammonium, Nitrate and Nitrite Concentrations in Drinking Water of the South Bačka District of Vojvodina

Ammonium, Nitrate and Nitrite Concentrations in Drinking Water of the South Bačka District of Vojvodina

Probabilistic Estimation of Dietary Intake of Methylmercury from Fish in Japan

Nitrate Quantification in Fresh Vegetables in Shanghai: Its Dietary Risks and Preventive Measures

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About