Probabilistic risk assessment of diuron and prometryn in the Gwydir River catchment, Australia, with the input of a novel bioassay based on algal growth

Shi, Yunfeng; Burns, Mitchell; Ritchie, Raymond J.; Crossan, Angus N.; Kennedy, Ivan R.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.027

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…One solution is to build a cumulative graph of either measured or predicted environmental concentrations for different exposure scenarios, thus allowing estimation of probabilities of exposure in a similar way as the SSD [15]. This approach has successfully been used in ERA of residual herbicides that have a long history of usage [83,101], for which sufficient residue data are available. Another solution to this problem is the use of passive samplers that produce an integrated measurement of residues over a period of time [102].…”

Section: Risk Assessment: First Tiermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Risk Assessment of Agrochemicals — A Critical Appraisal of Current Approaches

Sánchez‐Bayo¹,

Tennekes²

2015

Toxicity and Hazard of Agrochemicals

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This chapter provides insights into the difficulties and challenges of performing risk evaluations of agrochemicals. It is a critical review of the current methodologies used in ecological risk assessment of these chemicals, not their risks to humans. After an introduction to the topic, the current framework for ecological risk assessment is outlined. Two types of assessments are typically carried out depending on the purpose: i) regulatory assessments for registration of a chemical product; and ii) ecological assessments, for the protection of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, which are usually site-specific. Although the general framework is well established, the methodologies used in each of the steps of the assessment are fraught with a number of shortcomings. Notwithstanding the subjectivity implicit in the evaluation of risks, there is scepticism in scientific circles about the appropriateness of the current methodologies because, after so many years of evaluations, we are still incapable of foreseeing the negative consequences that some agrochemicals have in the environment. A critical appraisal of such methodologies is imperative if we are to improve the current assessment process and fix the problems we face today. The chapter reviews first the toxicity assessment methods, pointing to the gaps in knowledge about this essential part of the process and suggesting avenues for further improvement. Deficiencies in the current regulations regarding toxicity testing are discussed, in particular the effect of the time factor on toxicity and the issue of complex mixtures.

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Section: Risk Assessment: First Tiermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, sensible exposure assessments should be based not so much on accurate concentration levels but on a range of concentrations for specific scenarios and situations. Statistical distributions of such residues help determine their probability of exposure in site-specific ERA [83]. 1.…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risk Assessment of Agrochemicals — A Critical Appraisal of Current Approaches

Sánchez‐Bayo¹,

Tennekes²

2015

Toxicity and Hazard of Agrochemicals

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“…Prometryn has been reported as an endocrine disrupting chemical by the United States. Japan and other countries on mammals and humans, which also elicits significant ecological impacts by affecting the survival of aquatic plants and phytoplankton due to its chemical stability and biological toxicity (Schurner et al, 2015;Shi et al, 2014;Veliske et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2014;Velisek et al, 2014;Zhao and Shu-Min, 2018). Due to toxic nature, persistence and high mobility prometryn has been banned in 2004 by the European Union and prohibited to directly use in water and intertidal areas, in sandy and sandy loam solils with low organic matter content in the US (Li et al, 2014;USEPA, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake of 2,4-bis(Isopropylamino)-6-methylthio-s-triazine by Canna indica

Sun¹,

Lv²,

Datta³

et al. 2019

JEB

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The aim of this study was to the removal potential of 2,4-bis (lsopropytamino)-6-methylthio-s-triazine by Canna from hydroponic media. Green house study was carried out to investigate the potential of Canna as phytoremediation of prometryn. Liquid-liquid extraction was used for extracting prometryn from nutrition solution. Solvent ultrasonic extraction was used for extracting prometryn from the plant and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer was used for determination.-1 The results showed that. Canna could grow well in the prometryn spiked (0.5mg.l) nultrient solution. Canna uptake and removal of prometryn from the media were monitored for a period of first order 0.042t-0.232t 2 kinetics, C =0.06023e , R =0.9078 (without Canna), C =1.219e (with Canna), R =0.8191. The t 2 t dissipation half-life (T) was shortened by 17days, the dissipation time required for 99%(T) prometryn 1/2 0.99 was shortened from 109 days (without Canna) to 20 days (with Canna). Combined analysis with kinetic of prometryn in the solution and in the plants, the possible prometryn degradation by Canna occurred between day10 and day16. The prelimilary result was encouraging and selected ways of prometryn removal.

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“…In that case, SSD data are used in probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) to determine the proportion of species that would be negatively affected by the highest or normal levels of residues predicted in a given environment [96].…”

Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of ecological risks of agrochemicals requires a new framework.

Bayo¹,

Tennekes²

2017

Environ Risk Assess Remediat

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The widespread contamination of a significant proportion of the planet's land and water with pesticides is undeniable. While this takes place, innumerable species of animals associated with agricultural landscapes are declining at rates that may put them on the brink to extinction in the span of a lifetime. It is evident, therefore, that our current risk assessment of agrochemicals has failed to protect the environment. A new framework is proposed here that combines the mandatory introduction of new toxicity endpoints with a more logical assessment of risks within the existing tiered approach. Chronic toxicity tests designed to detect time-cumulative effects should be a requirement for assessing delayed mortality as well as population endpoints that are crucial for the recovery and survival of species, such as fecundity. Exposure assessments should ensure that field monitoring data integrate both the highest and average levels of residues, as the former levels determine the main ecological impacts. The first tier of the risk assessment should comprise an evaluation of short-term mortality (as currently done by a hazard quotient on acute toxicity) and of the lethality after chronic exposure to sublethal levels. Chemicals that pass this tier should be assessed in a second tier whereby the crucial population endpoints are evaluated. Unless there is evidence of recovery with no negative effects on reproduction of the species tested, a chemical should not be registered. Further tiers of assessment, including sublethal effects, community effects tested in model ecosystems (i.e. microcosms, mesocoms) and field trials can still be used as supporting evidence, as it is currently done. AbstractAssessment of ecological risks of agrochemicals requires a new framework.

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Probabilistic risk assessment of diuron and prometryn in the Gwydir River catchment, Australia, with the input of a novel bioassay based on algal growth

Cited by 19 publications

References 29 publications

Environmental Risk Assessment of Agrochemicals — A Critical Appraisal of Current Approaches

Environmental Risk Assessment of Agrochemicals — A Critical Appraisal of Current Approaches

Uptake of 2,4-bis(Isopropylamino)-6-methylthio-s-triazine by Canna indica

Assessment of ecological risks of agrochemicals requires a new framework.

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