Probabilistic risk assessment of dietary exposure to pentachlorophenol in Guangzhou, China

Exposure Patterns of Multiple Pesticides and Urinary Alterations of Trimethylamine (TMA) and Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) among Pregnant Women

“…Thus, our findings suggested that carbamate, organochlorine, organophosphate pesticides, and the fungicide OPP may primarily disturb the gut microbiome, while pyrethroid pesticides may have a greater effect on FMO (Figure ). PCP is a metabolite of organochlorine pesticides (e.g., hexachlorobenzene and lindane) and persists in various food products, especially in meat and freshwater fish, and the consequent health hazards were noteworthy as reported by the previous studies. , Additionally, experiments in goldfish showed that PCP exposure shifted the gut microbial community, which may be associated with hepatic damage …”

“…PCP is a metabolite of organochlorine pesticides (e.g., hexachlorobenzene and lindane) and persists in various food products, especially in meat and freshwater fish, and the consequent health hazards were noteworthy as reported by the previous studies. 73,74 Additionally, experiments in goldfish showed that PCP exposure shifted the gut microbial community, which may be associated with hepatic damage. 75 trans-DCCA is one of the major metabolites of pyrethroid pesticides, which are the primary constituents of indoor mosquito-repelling products.…”

The Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Pentachlorophenol in Five Animal-Derived Foods Measured by Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion

“…In China, a survey of aquatic species was performed to monitor the contamination of aquatic products by the historical use of PCP as a molluscicidal agent, and the PCP level was ranged from <0.5 to 61 µg/kg ww (common carp) [12]. A more extensive survey recently reported that the highest average values of PCP were found in livestock (beef and lamb), freshwater fish, and poultry, at 11.7, 11.6 and 9.9 µg/kg ww, respectively [13]. Additionally, among 12 samples of food packaging composed of recycled paper/cardboard, PCP was detected in 5 samples with a concentration of 54-110 µg/kg, whereas in 16 products composed of original paper, PCP was not detected [14].…”

“…According to the literature cited above, the occurrence of PCP in most food samples is far beyond the limit of 10 µg/kg in Europe [15]; moreover, exposure to PCP occurs not only through food but also via food contact materials. The results of risk assessment reveal that dietary exposure is an important pathway for PCP exposure, which results in a considerable health risk for general residents and a significant risk for the preschool-aged children [13]. Animal-derived foods with high fat content are considered as a major contributor [10,16,17].…”

“…Recently, the health risk of dietary exposure to PCP was evaluated by deterministic [1] and probabilistic assessment [13], respectively. However, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of PCP have not been considered in these two researches, and to the best of our knowledge, no report has studied the effects of the food matrix and cooking process on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of PCP in foods [31].…”