Probabilistic quantification of voltage unbalance and neutral current in secondary distribution systems due to plug-in battery electric vehicles charging

A Single-period OPF-based Strategy to Manage Distributed Energy Resources with Intertemporal Constraints in Low-voltage Grids

“…While on the EV side, the minimum charge is 37.4%, 50.5%, and 96.6% for the 50%, 75%, and 100% DER penetration scenarios respectively, which are all lower than the proposed strategy (almost fully charged) and thus affecting end-users' driving comfort. The increase in the minimum EV charge with higher EV penetration levels can be explained by mitigated phase unbalance and thus mitigated undervoltage, as also demonstrated in the study [30].…”

Managing Distributed Energy Resources with Intertemporal Characteristics in Low-voltage Power Grids: A Single-period OPF Approach

“…In conclusion, this work opens new opportunities for DSOs to manage LV grids facing a large amount DERs with intertemporal constraints, which is considered increasingly important in view of the ongoing energy transition and evolution of passive distribution networks to active distribution networks. APPENDIX Let x lin and x quad be the solutions to a general optimization problem (30) where f (x) = n i=1 x i and f (x) = n i=1 x 2 i , respectively. minimize x f (x) subject to g i (x) ≤ 0, i = 1, .…”

Mitigating unbalance and improving voltage considering higher penetration of EVs and DG using hybrid optimization technique

“…This imbalance network minimizes the available hosting capacity resulting in reduced network assets and increased reinforcement costs 12 . EV charging and discharging forces are integrated through a centralized and decentralized control system 13 . Centralized charging integration is more beneficial than the distributed control approaches since it may consistently assign power to a large number of plug‐in electric vehicles (PEVs) and achieve universal integration benefits 14 .…”