Probabilistic method for evaluating the permanent strain of unbound granular materials under cyclic traffic loading

Xu, Fang; Bin, Zhai; Leng, Wei; Qi, Yang; Leng, Huikang; Nie, Rusong

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118975

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The proportion of coarse aggregate is significantly lower than the original design, and the proportion of fine aggregate increases greatly. Some studies show that the increase of the fine aggregate may cause the decrease of the MR of UGMs in actual pavement structure [10]. Especially, the overloaded vehicles load result that structure layer stress and deformation is not harmonious, which make the pavement diseases easily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Maximum Particle Size on Resilient Modulus of Unbound Granule Materials by Repeated Load Triaxial Test

Yang

Zhu

Ding

2022

Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

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The unbound granule material (UGM) is widely applied as the base/subbase layer in pavement engineering. The poor quality of UGMs mainly result in differential settlement and fatigue failure of UGMs. This paper presents a laboratory investigation on the influence of the maximum particle size (MPS) of aggregates on the resilient modulus (MR) of UGMs. The repeated load triaxial tests were performed under different stress levels. Three nonlinear models were compared to describe the mechanical behavior of UGMs. The results show that the particle size plays a significant role in the MR of UGMs. When the MPS of UGMs increases from 19mm to 26.5mm, its dynamic MR increases by 6.8% on average. When the particle size increases from 26.5mm to 31.5mm, the dynamic MR increases by 13.3% on average. Meanwhile, the MR is also dependent on the deviatory stress and the confining pressure. The N37A model has a better goodness of fit than the others. In a word, it effects of the MPS should be taken into account in the pavement design, to make sure that the loading and deformation of pavement structure more uniform.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Maximum Particle Size on Resilient Modulus of Unbound Granule Materials by Repeated Load Triaxial Test

Yang

Zhu

Ding

2022

Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering

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“…A 15 kPa initial static deviator stress ( σ si ) was applied prior to the application of σ d [ 42 ], to simulate the vertical stress resulted by the rail, sleeper, and ballast. More detailed introduction regarding the test method and procedures can refer to the study of Xu et al [ 37 ]. Figure 4 presents the schematic dynamic loading curve applied in the cyclic triaxial tests.…”

Section: Test Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Li and Selig [ 32 ] extended the power function model while including the physical state and static strength of the tested soil; Chai and Miura [ 33 ] then extended the method of Li and Selig [ 32 ] by incorporating the initial static deviator stress ( σ si ); Wu et al [ 34 ] improved the original power-function model while considering the effects of cyclic stress ratio. Moghaddas-Nejad and Small [ 35 ] improved the semi-logarithmic model by incorporating confining pressure and dynamic deviator stress; Stewart [ 36 ] extended the model by including the stress path; Xu et al [ 37 ] developed a probabilistic method to predict ε p of UGMs based on the semi-logarithmic model. In addition, a few models in different formulations were also proposed to predict the ε p .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Critical Dynamic Stress and Accumulative Plastic Strain of an Unbound Granular Material Based on Cyclic Triaxial Tests

et al. 2021

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Critical dynamic stress (σcri) and accumulative plastic strain (εp) are primary indicators regarding the dynamic stability of unbound granular materials (UGMs). This study aims to seek an effective method to evaluate the dynamic stability of UGMs used in railway subgrades. First, the dynamic characteristics of an UGM used in railway subgrade bed construction were investigated by performing a series of large-scale cyclic triaxial tests, with the results showing that εp versus cycle number (N) curves can be categorized into stable, failure, and critical patterns. Grey relational analyses were then established, where the analyzed results demonstrated that the εp–N curve pattern and final accumulative plastic strain (εs) of the stable curves are strongly correlated with the moisture content (w), confining pressure (σ3), and dynamic deviator stress (σd). The analyzed grey relational grades distributed in a narrow range of 0.72 to 0.81, indicating that w, σ3, and σd have similar degrees of importance on determining the εp–N curve patterns and the values of εs of the UGM. Finally, a data processing method using a back-propagation (BP) neural network is introduced to analyze the test data, and an empirical approach is developed to evaluate the σcri (considering the effects of σ3 and w) and εs (considering the effects of σ3, w, and σd) of the UGM. The analyzed results illustrated that the developed method can effectively reflect the linear/non-linear relationships of σcri and εs with respect to σ3 and/or σd. The σcri approximately increases linearly with increasing σ3, and a simple empirical formula is proposed for the σcri. In addition, εs and its variation rate increase non-linearly with increasing σd but decrease non-linearly as σ3 increases.

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“…Due to their high permeability, sand embankments can be under full drainage conditions during traffic loads. Several studies have investigated sand's cyclic behaviour under drained conditions [16][17][18][19][20][21]. The effect of the cyclic stress ratio on accumulated strain was investigated by Sun [16] and Cai [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors discovered that higher cyclic stress ratios lead to larger cumulative axial strains. Thakur [18] and Xu [19] analysed the influence of effective confining pressure on strain accumulation and found that increasing confining pressure reduced strain accumulation with a constant cyclic stress ratio. Liu [20] studied the effect of unloading on the drained cyclic behaviour of Sydney sand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Cyclic Drained Shear Behaviour of Fujian Sand under Various Loading Conditions

Liu

Liang

et al. 2022

JMSE

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In offshore engineering, the sand beneath an embankment may be subjected to traffic loads, resulting in a series of engineering issues. The behaviour of the sand beneath the embankment may change under a long-term traffic load. A series of drained cyclic and post-cyclic monotonic triaxial tests were performed on Fujian sand with different relative densities. The drained strength and stress–dilatancy behaviours were studied. The results indicated that the normalised peak strength ratio after cyclic loading was greater than that without cyclic loading, depending on the cyclic stress amplitude, while the critical state strength seemed to be only slightly affected by the cyclic loading history. The dilative response of sand could also be influenced by cyclic loading-induced fabric. Under constant relative density conditions, the higher the cyclic stress amplitude applied to the sand sample, the larger the volume strain produced in the critical state. Furthermore, cyclic-induced fabric could be destroyed after 6% axial strain.

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Probabilistic method for evaluating the permanent strain of unbound granular materials under cyclic traffic loading

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of Maximum Particle Size on Resilient Modulus of Unbound Granule Materials by Repeated Load Triaxial Test

Effect of Maximum Particle Size on Resilient Modulus of Unbound Granule Materials by Repeated Load Triaxial Test

Evaluation of Critical Dynamic Stress and Accumulative Plastic Strain of an Unbound Granular Material Based on Cyclic Triaxial Tests

Post-Cyclic Drained Shear Behaviour of Fujian Sand under Various Loading Conditions

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