Probabilistic ecological risk assessment of paddy herbicide in Japanese river waters using uncertainty analysis: A case study for simetryn

Nagai, Takashi; Inao, Keiya; Horio, Takeshi

doi:10.1584/jpestics.33.393

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…SSD has also been used for quantitative ecological risk assessment of pesticides, such as diazinon 14) and aldicarb 15) insecticides, atrazine herbicide, 16) and pesticide mixtures. 17) Our previous studies 9,18,19) also conducted probabilistic ecological risk assessment of several paddy insecticides and herbicides. The potentially affected fraction (PAF) is an index of the magnitude of ecological risk (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological effect assessment by species sensitivity distribution for 68 pesticides used in Japanese paddy fields

Nagai

2016

J. Pestic. Sci.

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In this study, the species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) of 68 pesticides commonly used in Japanese paddy fields were analyzed based on collected acute toxicity data as a higher-tier ecological effect assessment. Then, based on each SSD, the 5% hazardous concentration (HC 5 ) values were calculated as the predicted no-effect concentrations for aquatic ecosystems. The differences between HC 5 and registration criteria were small (within 10-fold) for 50 of the 68 pesticides. However, there were more than 10-fold differences for 9 insecticides and 9 herbicides of specific modes of action. These results suggest that the current effect assessment scheme could underestimate the effect of such pesticides. This is caused by the mode of action specific properties of species sensitivity difference.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological effect assessment by species sensitivity distribution for 68 pesticides used in Japanese paddy fields

Nagai

2016

J. Pestic. Sci.

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“…Nagai et al 3,4) conducted probabilistic ecological risk assessment of several paddy herbicides and compared the risks. In their studies, the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) 5) was used as the key concept for the probabilistic analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of ecological risks of insecticides for nursery-box application using species sensitivity distribution

Nagai

Yokoyama

2012

J. Pestic. Sci.

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e ecological risks to aquatic organisms posed by insecticide use were compared using species sensitivity distribution (SSD) to determine if nursery-box application is ecologically safer than surface-water application. e targeted insecticides were imidacloprid and pronil for nursery-box application and fenitrothion as a reference for surface-water application. Ecological risks were quanti ed as the potentially a ected fraction (PAF) of species calculated using SSD and the pesticide concentration in river and paddy water. e PAF value was the highest for fenitrothion in both river and paddy water, indicating that substituting nursery-box for surface-water application reduces the ecological risk. e validity of our SSD approach for risk quanti cation was con rmed with comparisons in mesocosm studies. e comparisons suggest that the PAF values successfully correspond to the magnitude of the pesticide e ect on ecosystems. e actual ecosystem appeared to have strong recovery potential, even when more than 50% of the species were a ected. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan Keywords: risk assessment, imidacloprid, pronil, potentially a ected fraction. Electronic supplementary materiale online version of this article contains supplementary material (Supplemental Tables S1 and S2), which is available at http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/jpestics/. IntroductionIn Japan, pesticide registration criteria based on ecological risk assessment are set by the Japan's Ministry of Environment under the Pesticide Regulation Law.1) Under the risk assessment scheme, acute toxicity tests are conducted for sh (Cyprinus carpio), daphnids (Daphnia magna), and algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), and then the acute e ect concentration (AEC) is determined as the minimum value of the 50% e ect concentration (EC 50 ) or 50% lethal concentration (LC 50 ) divided by an uncertainty factor (10 for sh and crustaceans and 1 for algae). Subsequently, the predicted environmental concentration (PEC), which is the peak concentration in river water at the time of pesticide application, is calculated using an environmental model based on a standard scenario in a model basin.2) Finally, if the PEC is less than the AEC, the short-term aquatic risk is deemed to be insigni cant and the pesticide is considered to ful ll the criteria.Various measures are taken by farmers for the protection of biodiversity, such as reducing pesticide use, substituting to safer pesticides, and preventing of pesticide runo into river water.However, the e ciency of the risk management options has not been evaluated. e present risk assessment scheme is deterministic, and therefore does not allow the comparison of risks under the various risk management options. Insecticide application in rice paddy elds in Japan has gradually shi ed from surfacewater application to nursery-box application in light of its many advantages such as reduced labor, long-term e ect, and low runo and dri . However it is necessary to determine if nurserybox application is ecologically safer than surface-w...

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“…For further application of this study, herbicide exposure assessment can be evaluated in combination with the endpoint, such as the safety of drinking water or the ecological risk, under the higher-tier condition. Nagai et al 55) applied a species sensitivity distribution to assess and quantify the ecological risk of herbicides. In addition, the application of the Geographical Information System (GIS)-based exposure assessment of rice herbicides in the watershed scale with consideration of the land use, traceability of herbicide use and metrological data 56) may lead to more realistic assessments and evaluation of e ective mitigation practices.…”

Section: Overall Discussion On Paddy Water Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probabilistic assessment of herbicide runoff from Japanese rice paddies: The effects of local meteorological conditions and site-specific water management

et al. 2012

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Uncertainty assessments of herbicide losses from rice paddies in Japan associated with local meteorological conditions and water management practices were performed using a pesticide fate and transport model, PCPF-1, under the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation scheme. First, MC simulations were conducted for ve di erent cities with a prescribed water management scenario and a 10-year meteorological dataset of each city. e e ectiveness of water management was observed regarding the reduction of pesticide runo . However, a greater potential of pesticide runo remained in Western Japan. Secondly, an extended analysis was attempted to evaluate the e ects of local water management and meteorological conditions between the Chikugo River basin and the Sakura River basin using uncertainty inputs processed from observed water management data. e results showed that because of more severe rainfall events, signi cant pesticide runo occurred in the Chikugo River basin even when appropriate irrigation practices were implemented.

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Probabilistic ecological risk assessment of paddy herbicide in Japanese river waters using uncertainty analysis: A case study for simetryn

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Ecological effect assessment by species sensitivity distribution for 68 pesticides used in Japanese paddy fields

Ecological effect assessment by species sensitivity distribution for 68 pesticides used in Japanese paddy fields

Comparison of ecological risks of insecticides for nursery-box application using species sensitivity distribution

Probabilistic assessment of herbicide runoff from Japanese rice paddies: The effects of local meteorological conditions and site-specific water management

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