PROBA2: Mission and Spacecraft Overview

Santandrea, Stefano; Gantois, Kristof; Strauch, K.; Teston, F.; Tilmans, E.; Baijot, C.; Gerrits, D.; Groof, A. De; Schwehm, G.; Zender, Joe

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8187-4_2

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The anisotropy in the ion current collected by different segments was used to characterize the velocity vector of the ion flow (Imtiaz et al, ). The dual SLPs were also flown on ESA's PROBA2 mission (Santandrea et al, ).…”

Section: Issues Of Current In Situ Langmuir Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Double Hemispherical Probe for Improved Space Plasma Measurements

et al. 2018

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Langmuir probes have been widely used for space plasma measurements for decades. However, there are still challenges in the interpretation of their measurements. Due to the interaction of the ambient plasma with a spacecraft and an onboard probe itself, the local plasma conditions around the probe could be very different from the true ambient plasma of interest. These local plasma conditions are often anisotropic and/or inhomogeneous. Most of the Langmuir probes that are made of a single electrode have difficulties to remove these local plasma effects, introducing errors in the derived plasma characteristics. Directional probes are able to characterize anisotropic and inhomogeneous plasmas. The split Langmuir probe and the Segmented Langmuir Probe have been developed to characterize the plasma flow in the Earth's ionosphere. Here we introduce a new type of a directional Langmuir probe, the Double Hemispherical Probe (DHP), to improve the space plasma measurements in a broad range of scenarios: (a) low‐density plasmas, (b) high surface‐emission (photo and/or secondary electron emission) environments, (c) flowing plasmas, and (d) dust‐rich plasma environments. The DHP consists of two identical hemispheres that are electrically insulated and swept with the same voltages simultaneously. The difference currents between the two hemispheres are used to characterize the anisotropic/inhomogeneous plasma conditions created around the probe, which will be then removed or minimized on the interpretation of their current‐voltage curves. This paper describes the basic concept and design of the DHP sensor, as well as its initial results tested in the laboratory plasma environments.

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Section: Issues Of Current In Situ Langmuir Probesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Double Hemispherical Probe for Improved Space Plasma Measurements

et al. 2018

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“…In this paper, new 150 to 400 km thermospheric density profiles are presented that were observed over the winter hemisphere by the 1–20 nm Zr channel of the solar observing Large Yield Radiometer (LYRA) instrument (Dominique et al, ; Hochedez et al, ) on the European Space Agency (ESA) PROBA2 satellite (Santandrea et al, ) between 2010 and 2017. It is shown that full‐disk solar irradiance measurements from the Zr channel are suitable for measuring the summed O and N 2 number density at approximately 5 km resolution to within 15% absolute accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Thermospheric Density Profiles From EUV Solar Occultations Made by PROBA2 LYRA for Solar Cycle 24

et al. 2017

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A new data set of summed neutral N2 and O number density profiles, spanning altitudes between 150 and 400 km, and observed during Northern Winter from 2010 to 2016 is presented. The neutral density profiles are derived from solar occultation measurements made by the 0.1–20 nm Zr channel on the Large Yield Radiometer (LYRA) instrument on board Project for Onboard Autonomy 2 (PROBA2). The climatology derived from the vertical profiles is consistent with that predicted by the NRLMSISE‐00 model, and the systematic error and random uncertainty of the measurements are less than 13% and 6%, respectively. The density profiles are used to characterize the response of thermospheric density to solar EUV irradiance variability. Peak correlation coefficients between neutral density and EUV irradiance occur near 300 km at the dusk terminator and 220 km at the dawn terminator. Density variability is higher at dawn than it is at dusk, and temperature variability increases with increasing altitude at both terminators.

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“…ESA's Project for On-Board Autonomy 2 (PROBA2) mission [1][2][3] was launched on November 2, 2009 from Plesetsk, Russia, with a Rockot launcher to a Sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of 725 km. It provides a technology demonstration platform for testing a number of instruments and techniques relevant to solar physics, space weather, aeronomy, avionics, spacecraft attitude control, power system, and propulsion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in EUV Irradiance: Comparison between LYRA, ESP, and SWAP Integrated Flux

Yalim

Poedts

2014

Advances in Astronomy

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The Sun Watcher Using Active Pixel System Detector and Image Processing (SWAP) telescope and Large Yield Radiometer (LYRA) are the two Sun observation instruments on-board PROBA2. SWAP extreme ultraviolet images, if presented in terms of the integrated flux over solar disk, in general, correlate well with LYRA channel 2–4 (zirconium filter) and channels QD and 18 of EVE/ESP on-board SDO between 2010 and 2013. Hence, SWAP can be considered as an additional radiometric channel. We compare in detail LYRA channel 2–4 and SWAP integrated flux in July 2010 and in particular during the solar eclipse that occurred on July 11, 2010. During this eclipse, the discrepancy between the two data channels can be explained to be related to the occultation of active region 11087 by the Moon. In the second half of July 2010, LYRA channel 2–4 and SWAP integrated flux deviate from each other, but these differences can also be explained in terms of features appearing on the solar disk such as coronal holes and active regions. By additionally comparing with timeline of EVE/ESP, we can preliminarily interpret these differences in terms of the difference between the broad bandpass of LYRA channel 2–4 and the, relatively speaking, narrower bandpass of SWAP.

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PROBA2: Mission and Spacecraft Overview

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Development of a Double Hemispherical Probe for Improved Space Plasma Measurements

Development of a Double Hemispherical Probe for Improved Space Plasma Measurements

Vertical Thermospheric Density Profiles From EUV Solar Occultations Made by PROBA2 LYRA for Solar Cycle 24

Variations in EUV Irradiance: Comparison between LYRA, ESP, and SWAP Integrated Flux

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