Proanthocyanidins of Natural Origin: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Lipid Disorder and Aging-Associated Diseases

Nie, Yu; Stürzenbaum, Stephen R.

doi:10.1093/advances/nmy118

Cited by 52 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Among bioactive components in the cranberries, PAC (condensed tannins) might be one of the promising candidates eliciting the lipid lowering effect. Nie & Sturzenbaum (25) reviewed the impact of PAC of natural origin on lipid metabolism in the literature. They indicated that PAC from different food sources could modulate blood lipids through a variety of molecular mechanisms, including restriction of lipid absorption, coordination of digestion of neutral lipids, inhibition of lipase, stimulation of β-oxidation and reduction of liver de novo lipogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of daily consumption of cranberry beverage on insulin sensitivity and modification of cardiovascular risk factors in adults with obesity: a pilot, randomised, placebo-controlled study

Hsia

Zhang²,

Beyl

et al. 2020

Br J Nutr

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Cranberries are high in polyphenols, and epidemiological studies have shown that a high-polyphenol diet may reduce risk factors for diabetes and CVD. The present study aimed to determine if short-term cranberry beverage consumption would improve insulin sensitivity and other cardiovascular risk factors. Thirty-five individuals with obesity and with elevated fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance participated in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-designed pilot trial. Participants consumed 450 ml of low-energy cranberry beverage or placebo daily for 8 weeks. Changes in insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk factors including vascular reactivity, blood pressure, RMR, glucose tolerance, lipid profiles and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated. Change in insulin sensitivity via hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp was not different between the two groups. Levels of 8-isoprostane (biomarker of lipid peroxidation) decreased in the cranberry group but increased in the placebo group (–2·18 v. +20·81 pg/ml; P = 0·02). When stratified by baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, participants with high CRP levels (>4 mg/l) benefited more from cranberry consumption. In this group, significant differences in the mean change from baseline between the cranberry (n 10) and the placebo groups (n 7) in levels of TAG (–13·75 v. +10·32 %; P = 0·04), nitrate (+3·26 v. −6·28 µmol/l; P = 0·02) and 8-isoprostane (+0·32 v. +30·8 pg/ml; P = 0·05) were observed. These findings indicate that 8 weeks of daily cranberry beverage consumption may not impact insulin sensitivity but may be helpful in lowering TAG and changing certain oxidative stress biomarkers in individuals with obesity and a proinflammatory state.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of daily consumption of cranberry beverage on insulin sensitivity and modification of cardiovascular risk factors in adults with obesity: a pilot, randomised, placebo-controlled study

Hsia

Zhang²,

Beyl

et al. 2020

Br J Nutr

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“…Proanthocyanidins (PACs), known as condensed tannins, are found in a wide variety of fruits (e.g., berries), in addition to grapes, and other sources such as flowers, seeds of some plants, nuts or barks [80,81]. Plant and food-derived PACs are also attracting attention due to their ability to prevent chronic diseases [82]. For example, PACs from grape seeds and blackberry-blueberry fermented beverages have shown high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity in vitro [83] and have shown a broad therapeutic health effect against diabetes mellitus and obesity.…”

Section: Polyphenolic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin and Nutrition in Gestational Diabetes

et al. 2020

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Leptin is highly expressed in the placenta, mainly by trophoblastic cells, where it has an important autocrine trophic effect. Moreover, increased leptin levels are found in the most frequent pathology of pregnancy: gestational diabetes, where leptin may mediate the increased size of the placenta and the fetus, which becomes macrosomic. In fact, leptin mediates the increased protein synthesis, as observed in trophoblasts from gestational diabetic subjects. In addition, leptin seems to facilitate nutrients transport to the fetus in gestational diabetes by increasing the expression of the glycerol transporter aquaporin-9. The high plasma leptin levels found in gestational diabetes may be potentiated by leptin resistance at a central level, and obesity-associated inflammation plays a role in this leptin resistance. Therefore, the importance of anti-inflammatory nutrients to modify the pathology of pregnancy is clear. In fact, nutritional intervention is the first-line approach for the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus. However, more nutritional intervention studies with nutraceuticals, such as polyphenols or polyunsaturated fatty acids, or nutritional supplementation with micronutrients or probiotics in pregnant women, are needed in order to achieve a high level of evidence. In this context, the Mediterranean diet has been recently found to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes in a multicenter randomized trial. This review will focus on the impact of maternal obesity on placental inflammation and nutrients transport, considering the mechanisms by which leptin may influence maternal and fetal health in this setting, as well as its role in pregnancy pathologies.

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“…Over the last decade, plant and food-derived PACs are attracting attention not only from the food industry but also from public health organizations due to their ability to prevent chronic diseases [5,6,7]. As examples of the effect of PACs from different matrices is not difficult to find studies regarding juices, syrup and extract cranberry-derived PACs which demonstrated to be effective in the prevention of urinary tract infection in vivo and in vitro [8,9,10]; proanthocyanidins from blueberry-blackberry fermented beverages that showed high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro [11]; or PACs from a persimmon leaf tea that suggested their antihypertensive effect in animal models [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grape Seeds Proanthocyanidins: An Overview of In Vivo Bioactivity in Animal Models

2019

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Over the last decade, proanthocyanidins (PACs) are attracting attention not only from the food industry but also from public health organizations due to their health benefits. It is well-known that grapes are a good source of PACs and for that reason, the industry is also focused on grape by-products identification and bioactivity evaluation. Grape seeds extract (GSPE) is a rich source of PACs, mainly composed of monomeric catechin and epicatechin, gallic acid and polymeric and oligomeric proanthocyanidins. Thus, this review encompasses the state-of-art structure and the most recent evidence about the impact of GSPE on chronic diseases, with a focus on oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic syndrome (MeS)-related disorders such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular risk disease in vivo to offer new perspectives in the field that allow further research. Despite the controversial results, is undeniable that PACs from grape seeds are highly antioxidants, thus, the capacity of GSPE to improve oxidative stress might mediate the inflammation process and the progress of MeS-related pathologies. However, further well-design animal studies with standardized dosages and GSPE composition are necessary to shed light into the cause-effect relationship in a more accurate way to later allow a deeper study of the effect of GSPE in humans.

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Proanthocyanidins of Natural Origin: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Lipid Disorder and Aging-Associated Diseases

Cited by 52 publications

References 113 publications

Effect of daily consumption of cranberry beverage on insulin sensitivity and modification of cardiovascular risk factors in adults with obesity: a pilot, randomised, placebo-controlled study

Effect of daily consumption of cranberry beverage on insulin sensitivity and modification of cardiovascular risk factors in adults with obesity: a pilot, randomised, placebo-controlled study

Leptin and Nutrition in Gestational Diabetes

Grape Seeds Proanthocyanidins: An Overview of In Vivo Bioactivity in Animal Models

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