Proactive Interference

Neath, Ian; Surprenant, Aimée M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.51054-x

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Cognitive mapping benefits from the integration and generalization of memories as is central to schema theory, but in other fields of memory research, a dominant theme for how overlapping memories interact is representational interference. This has been widely observed in perceptual, procedural, semantic, and episodic memory systems (Craig, Dewar, & Sala, 2015;Neath & Surprenant, 2015), and minimizing such interference in declarative memory encoding and retrieval is perhaps a primary function of the hippocampus (e.g., Brown, Ross, Keller, Hasselmo, & Stern, 2010;Chanales et al, 2017;Lacy, Yassa, Stark, Muftuler, & Stark, 2011;LaRocque et al, 2013;Wood, Dudchenko, Robitsek, & Eichenbaum, 2000). As highlighted in Section 1.2, a core component of the nonspatial schema literature has been the observation that greater relational integration with a schema is a double-edged sword-increasing a loss of episodic detail and interference and confusability between memories for distinct experiences (indeed, damage to the neural circuitry associated with schema memory has been shown to protect the individual from episodic memory errors, see van Kesteren & Brown, 2014;Warren, Jones, Duff, & Tranel, 2014).…”

Section: Linking Interference and Schematic Integration In Spatial Me...mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Although both proactive and retroactive memory interference have been extensively studied, particularly in the context of episodes (for reviews, see e.g., Craig et al., 2015; Neath & Surprenant, 2015; Wixted, 2004), there is relatively scant knowledge on individual differences in such “schematization tradeoffs” and how new and old memories interact. One simple prediction is that individual traits and strategies that promote greater integration result in better configural and map‐like knowledge of one's environment, but worse “episodic” route memory interference and errors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Toward an Understanding of Cognitive Mapping Ability Through Manipulations and Measurement of Schemas and Stress

Maxim

Brown

2021

Topics in Cognitive Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Daily function depends on an ability to mentally map our environment. Environmental factors such as visibility and layout, and internal factors such as psychological stress, can challenge spatial memory and efficient navigation. Importantly, people vary dramatically in their ability to navigate flexibly and overcome such challenges. In this paper, we present an overview of “schema theory” and our view of its relevance to navigational memory research. We review several studies from our group and others, that integrate manipulations of environmental complexity and affective state in order to gain a richer understanding of the mechanisms that underlie individual differences in navigational memory. Our most recent data explicitly link such individual differences to ideas rooted in schema theory, and we discuss the potential for this work to advance our understanding of cognitive decline with aging. The data from this body of work highlight the powerful impacts of individual cognitive traits and affective states on the way people take advantage of environmental features and adopt navigational strategies.

show abstract

Section: Linking Interference and Schematic Integration In Spatial Me...mentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward an Understanding of Cognitive Mapping Ability Through Manipulations and Measurement of Schemas and Stress

Maxim

Brown

2021

Topics in Cognitive Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly, Cowan (2001, p. 103) holds that items in the focus of attention “reside in a limited-capacity store, eliminating the retrieval step.” Evidence offered to support these statements is based on failure to observe effects associated with retrieval. Proactive interference (PI) is the finding that old information can interfere with the ability to remember more recent information and is generally considered a retrieval effect (for an overview, see Neath & Surprenant, 2015). A number of researchers found that whereas PI is absent when there are four or fewer items to be remembered and the items are therefore in primary memory or the focus of attention, PI is present when there are more than four items and the capacity of primary memory or the focus of attention is exceeded (e.g., Cowan et al, 2005; Halford et al, 1988; Wickens et al, 1981).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory without retrieval: Testing the direct-access account of the missing item task.

Neath¹

2022

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology / Revue canadienne

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the missing item task, two short lists are presented. The test list contains all but one of the items from the study list in a new random order and the task is to report which item from the study list is missing. Murdock and Smith (2005) found that the time to correctly respond with the missing item was independent of the position of the missing item and was also independent of the list length. They argued that these data are difficult to accommodate by models that include a search process but are consistent with models that posit "direct access" such as the power set version of Theory of Distributed Associative Memory (TODAM). If direct access is occurring, redintegration cannot be occurring. Two experiments test the direct access account by determining whether two effects commonly ascribed to redintegration occur in the missing item task. Experiment 1 found a semantic relatedness effect and Experiment 2 found a word frequency effect. The presence of these effects is consistent with a redintegration account. Implications for TODAM and for an explanation based on the Feature Model are discussed. Public Significance StatementRemembering is assumed to require retrieval but results from the missing item task have been interpreted as showing direct access to memory. However, performance on this task was found to vary depending on the frequency of the words and also to differ when the words were semantically related. Because both frequency and semantic relatedness effects are thought to require retrieval, the direct access account was not supported.

show abstract

Use of effective training and quality assurance strategies is associated with high-fidelity EBI implementation in practice settings: a case analysis

Dolcini

Davey‐Rothwell

Singh

et al. 2019

Translational Behavioral Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High-quality implementation of evidence-based interventions is important for program effectiveness and is influenced by training and quality assurance (QA). However, gaps in the literature contribute to a lack of guidance on training and supervision in practice settings, particularly when significant adaptations in programs occur. We examine training and QA in relationship to program fidelity among organizations delivering a widely disseminated HIV counseling and testing EBI in which significant adaptations occurred due to new testing technology. Using a maximum variation case study approach, we examined training and QA in organizations delivering the program with high- and low-fidelity (agencies: 3 = high; 3 = low). We identified themes that distinguished high- and low-fidelity agencies. For example, high-fidelity agencies more often employed a team approach to training; demonstrated use of effective QA strategies; leveraged training and QA to identify and adjust for fit problems, including challenges related to adaptations; and understood the distinctions between RESPECT and other testing programs. The associations between QA and fidelity were strong and straightforward, whereas the relationship between training and fidelity was more complex. Public health needs high-quality training and QA approaches that can address program fit and program adaptations. The study findings reinforced the value of using effective QA strategies. Future work should address methods of increasing program fit through training and QA, identify a set of QA strategies that maximize program fidelity and is feasible to implement, and identify low-cost supplemental training options.

show abstract

Proactive Interference

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Toward an Understanding of Cognitive Mapping Ability Through Manipulations and Measurement of Schemas and Stress

Toward an Understanding of Cognitive Mapping Ability Through Manipulations and Measurement of Schemas and Stress

Memory without retrieval: Testing the direct-access account of the missing item task.

Use of effective training and quality assurance strategies is associated with high-fidelity EBI implementation in practice settings: a case analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About