Proactive inhibition is not modified by deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: An electrical neuroimaging study

Abstract

In predictable contexts, motor inhibitory control can be deployed before the actual need for response suppression. The brain functional underpinnings of proactive inhibition, and notably the role of basal ganglia, are not entirely identified. We investigated the effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus or internal globus pallidus on proactive inhibition in patients with Parkinson's disease. They completed a cued go/no-go proactive inhibition task ON and (unilateral) OFF stimulation while EEG was recorded. We found no behavioural effect of either subthalamic nucleus or internal globus pallidus deep brain stimulation on proactive inhibition, despite a general improvement of motor performance with subthalamic nucleus stimulation. In the non-operated and subthalamic nucleus group, we identified periods of topographic EEG modulation by the level of proactive inhibition. In the subthalamic nucleus group, source estimation analysis suggested the initial involvement of bilateral frontal and occipital areas, followed by a right lateralized fronto-basal network, and finally of right premotor and left parietal regions. Our results confirm the overall preservation of proactive inhibition capacities in both subthalamic nucleus and internal globus pallidus deep brain stimulation, and suggest a partly segregated network for proactive inhibition, with a preferential recruitment of the indirect pathway.

High (130 Hz)- and mid (60 Hz)-frequency deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus differentially modulate response inhibition: A preliminary combined EEG and eye tracking study

“…In contrast, the antisaccade task relies on proactive and selective response inhibition prior to the initiation of the selected response. In line with our findings, the notion that STN-DBS may differentially modulate reactive and proactive, respectively general and selective aspects of response inhibition has previously been discussed ( Obeso et al, 2013 , De Pretto et al, 2021 ).…”

High- and Low-Frequency Deep Brain Stimulation in the Subthalamic Nucleus differentially modulate Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Parkinson’s Disease

“…For example, beta band power over the right prefrontal cortex was higher during a stop signal task with DBS switched on compared to off-DBS state which was accompanied by improved response inhibition (Swann et al, 2011). Another recent EEG study found neither effects of STN-DBS on proactive response inhibition nor on the activity of the underlying cortical network compared to a nonoperated PD group (De Pretto et al, 2021).…”

Reverse Visually Guided Reaching in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

“…Bilateral STN-DBS also improves the proficiency of inhibiting upper limb movements measured with the Simon task [ 40 ], but the analysis of the EMG activity suggests that STN-DBS may weaken the suppression of the erroneous muscle activity [ 41 ]. Interestingly, unilateral STN-DBS does not affect inhibitory control of upper limb movements [ 42 , 43 ]. In contrast, DBS of the STN has been shown to result in increased errors on the Stroop interference task suggesting that stimulation may adversely affect the ability to suppress habitual prepotent responses [ 44 , 45 ].…”