Proactive Fragmentation-Aware Routing, Modulation Format, Core, and Spectrum Allocation in EON-SDM

Trindade, Silvana; Fonseca, Nelson Luís Saldanha da

doi:10.1109/icc.2019.8762005

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In addition, we consider that there are 358 FSs of 12.5 GHz in each core of links [28], [37]. Each Link of the network includes MCF with seven enabled cores, and the bandwidth requests are uniformly distributed between 50 GHz and 400 GHz [26]. Four modulation techniques are considered in two algorithms, namely, BPSK, QPSK, 8-QAM, and 16-QAM.…”

Section: Simulation Setup and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on this, reference [13] defined a new space-time spectrum compactness measurement and reconfigured network spectrum fragmentation resources through a more accurate method. In addition of defragmentation, the authors of [26] considered both the fragmentation state of spectrum on the path and the closeness between the network nodes to avoid excessive use of the bottleneck path, thus reducing the separation of FSs. Reference [27] used several criteria, such as core fragmentation rate, to choose the best path and SB, using classifications for cores in MCF and push each connection in its related core, which improves the spectrum utilization.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Fragmentation Metric and RCSA Scheme for Space Division Multiplexing Elastic Optical Networks

et al. 2020

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The space division multiplexing elastic optical networks (SDM-EONs) based on multi-core fiber (MCF) are an effective solution to improve transmission capacity. In SDM-EONs, spectrum resources take on three-dimensional (3D) properties (i.e., frequency, time, and space), which brings new spatial constraints to network resource allocation. Meanwhile, the spectrum fragmentation in the network also present same characteristics with the setup and release of dynamic lightpath. To improve the success rate of transmission and the utilization of network resources, it is necessary to evaluate network fragmentation effectively from the three dimension. Therefore, this paper focuses on a new fragmentation measurement for SDM-EONs. Firstly, the 3D fragmentation metric is carried out considering the frequency-time-space domain. Then, routing, core, and spectrum allocation (RCSA) scheme is proposed to allocate the spectrum resource with minimal future fragmentation and core resource with maximal free resource reservation. Simulation results show the proposed scheme better in blocking probability, spectrum utilization, and fragmentation rate.

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Section: Simulation Setup and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Fragmentation Metric and RCSA Scheme for Space Division Multiplexing Elastic Optical Networks

et al. 2020

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“…For the training process of the monitor and analyze functions, we used two synthetic datasets, each having

samples. The samples were collected from simulations using a greedy VON configuration algorithm and the NSFNET and USA topologies [ 44 ]. The greedy VON algorithm does not use any optimization approach to allocate VONs.…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Control-Loop for Elastic Optical Networks with Space-Division Multiplexing

Trindade

Torres

Zhu

et al. 2021

Sensors

Self Cite

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This paper introduces a new solution to improve network performance by decreasing spectrum fragmentation, crosstalk interference, blocking of virtual networks, cost, and link load imbalance. These problems degrade the performance of Elastic Optical Networks with Space-Division Multiplexing. The proposed solution, called Cognitive control loop (CO-OP), is capable of identifying a set of problems and creating plans to mitigate these problems. The CO-OP comprises four functions that employ learning algorithms to identify problems and plan a series of actions to reduce or eliminate them. The results show that the CO-OP can effectively decrease up to 30% the blocking of requests and up to 50% the crosstalk occurrence compared to existing algorithms.

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“…The available spectrum is divided into two partitions, each one for a corresponding class of requests. In [19], a proactive fragmentation-aware routing, modulation format, core, and spectrum allocation algorithm was proposed for MCFs that considers spectrum fragmentation state and potential bottlenecks. To avoid bottlenecks, a closeness-centrality metric is introduced to favor selection of paths that contain nodes that contribute less to the formation of bottleneck links.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragmentation metrics and fragmentation-aware algorithm for spectrally/spatially flexible optical networks

Lechowicz

Tornatore

Włodarczyk

et al. 2020

J. Opt. Commun. Netw.

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Spectrally/spatially-flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) are a promising solution to cope with future traffic requirements in optical backbone networks. SS-FONs exploit the spatial dimension to increase network capacity while preserving resource management flexibility, as they still operate within a flex-grid composed of small frequency slots (slices). Flex-grid allows realizing transmission using super-channels (SChs) that comprise a set of contiguous slots. In this paper, we focus on spectral SChs, i.e., a SCh realized only on one spatial mode on each fiber. In SS-FONs, setting up and tearing down multiple lightpath requests within flex-grid may result in spectrum fragmentation, and, in turn, blocking of requests. In this work, we investigate several fragmentation metrics in SS-FON. The problem of identifying appropriate metrics to measure fragmentation has been investigated in single-core elastic optical networks (EONs), but, to the best of our knowledge, there is lack of such investigation for SS-FONs. Therefore, we propose several fragmentation metrics for SS-FON. We introduce the concept of bordering super-channels (B-SChs), i.e., SChs whose spectrum is allocated at the "border" of already allocated spectrum slots that are promising SChs to be chosen to minimize fragmentation. The investigation of all candidate B-SCh for a request allows us to find the one which minimizes network fragmentation, and, in turn spectrum waste. Hence, we propose a fragmentation-aware algorithm with bordering super-channels (FA-BSC) that assigns optical resources to dynamic requests utilizing information from the proposed fragmentation metrics and the set of candidate B-SChs. Experiments on a representative network topology show that the investigation of multiple B-SChs in the fragmentation-aware algorithm reduces the blocking probability when compared to the reference fragmentation-aware algorithms. Finally, we analyze the impact of a spatial continuity constraint on the network fragmentation.

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Proactive Fragmentation-Aware Routing, Modulation Format, Core, and Spectrum Allocation in EON-SDM

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

3D Fragmentation Metric and RCSA Scheme for Space Division Multiplexing Elastic Optical Networks

3D Fragmentation Metric and RCSA Scheme for Space Division Multiplexing Elastic Optical Networks

Cognitive Control-Loop for Elastic Optical Networks with Space-Division Multiplexing

Fragmentation metrics and fragmentation-aware algorithm for spectrally/spatially flexible optical networks

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